Annual Competency: Final Exam Questions With Verified Solutions Questions and Answers (Latest Graded 100%)

What assures that MRSA patients are no longer actively infected? Three consecutive cultures come back negative Precautions to take when caring for MRSA/VRE? Contact How to seat VRE patients In the same cohort as people with the same bacteria How long should you wash your hands for? With alcohol? 40-60 seconds soap and water 20-30 seconds alcohol What is urea? A by product of protein metabolism What is creatine? A by product of muscle metabolism What is uric acid? Occurs naturally in the human body as a result of the metabolism of purine Purine is from dietary intake or the breakdown of the bodies own cells What does the nephron do? Filters blood to form urine What performs the first step in filtering blood? The glomerulus Which of the functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? Removal of waste products Regulation of fluid balance What is renin? Regulates blood pressure Sodium and potassium balance Three common causes of renal failure Diabetic neuropathy or glomerulosclerosis HTN causing nephrosclerosis Glomerulonephritis S/S of uremia Yellow-gray appearance Headache weakness fluid overload anemia Elevated BUN and creatinine Itching Changes in mental status Normal GFR 90+ Mildly reduced GFR 60-89 Moderately reduced kidney function 30-59 Severely reduced kidney function 15-29 Very severely reduced kidney function less than 15 Why are renal patients acidotic? Kidneys control acid/base balance Hydrogen builds up due to lack of bicarb What needs to be considered when giving meds? Decrease elimination due to loss of kidney function Potential toxicity Increased potency/duration Increased frequency Phosphate binders Tums Amphojel Alucaps Renagel Renvela Phoslo What is hectoral, calcijex, and zemplar? Help absorb calcium Reduce PTH What is the desired hemoglobin level for hemodialysis patients 10-11 What med is seen to slow progression of kidney disease? Lisinopril beta blocker How do you check blood sugar levels? From the arterial port What controls the bodies homeostasis? Electrolytes What are the most important electrolytes to consider in uremic patients? Sodium Potassium Calcium Phosphate Magnesium Bicarb What is normal blood pH? 7.35 to 7.45 What is added to dialysate to maintain a patients ph? Bicarb Hypertonic Contains more particles Hypotonic Contains less particles When does diffusion cease to occur? Until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the patients blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate