GCU BIO-201 Exam 3 Questions And Answers Graded A

synarthroses - immovable joints, found in places such as the sutures of the skull Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable joint in places like the innervertebral discs diarthroses - freely movable joints, found in places such as the shoulder synovial joints - freely movable joints that connect bones with a sack of fluid to prevent rubbing and breakdown of bone synchondroses - bones united by hyaline cartilage (cartilaginous joints); are NOT freely moveable; in places such as the epiphyseal line symphysis - limited movement of joints due to the covering of articular surface of joints with hyaline cartilage. ex. pubis symphysis in os coxa fibrous joints - consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together (3 Types) Suture Joints - fuse bones together, such as in the skull Syndesmosomes - bones connected to ligaments, such as the ligaments that connect the radius and ulna Gomphoses - peg-in-socket fibrous joint, such as teeth in the alveolar socket Menisci - Pads of cartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones, especially between the knee and mandible Bursae - flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid Tendon Sheaths - Elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction Plane/Gliding joints - Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other Usually biaxial joints Examples: between carpal bones of wrist; between tarsal bones of ankle; also between articular processes of vertebrae hinge joint - Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane Pivot joints - Pivot joints allow rotation arround an axis. The forearms have pivot joints. condyloid joints - Oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another; found in the joint at the metacarpals and proximal phalanx. saddle joints - Only one pair exists and is between the thumb and wrist; biaxial ball and socket joint - shoulder and hip; multiaxial joints origin bone - the proximal end of bone where a muscle attaches. It cannot move. first class lever - The fulcrum is positioned between the effort and resistance second class lever - the load is between the fulcrum and the effort third class lever - the input force is between the fulcrum and the load sprain - An injury in which the ligaments holding bones together are stretched too far and risk tearing strain - A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon Meniscal injury - a tear is incurred upon the meniscus, especially at the knee joint luxation - total dislocation of a joint subluxation - partial dislocation of a joint Bursitis - inflammation of a bursa Tendonitis - inflammation of a tendon sheath due to overuse Insertion - The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone or the end opposite the origin Actin - thin filaments Myosin - thick filament Myofiber - entire muscle cell Myofibril - tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers