Power and the People part 1 – Challenging Authority and Feudalism
What were the causes of the First Barons' war?####Government, Religion, War
When was the First Baron's War?####1215-1217
In what ways did government cause the FBW?####personal cruelty, heavy taxes
Give an example of personal cruelty that caused the FBW####1211 - fined Robert de Vaux £1000
w/out evidence, starved the wife and son of William de Briouze bc they feel out
What taxes caused the FBW?####scutage, inheritance tax
Scutage####payment in lieu of military service
How did inheritance tax change under King John?####from £100 - £1000s
In what way did religion cause the FBW?####argument w/ Pope
Who was the Pope in 1207?####Pope Innocent III
What argument did King John have with Pope Innocent III?####who should be Archbishop of
Canterbury
Who did Pope Innocent III want as Archbishop?####Stephen Langton
Who did King John want as Archbishop?####John de Gray
What was the result of the argument over who should Archbishop in 1207?####King John (ergo
England) excommunicated
What was the result of King John (and England) 's excommunication?####widespread fear
When did King John relent and instate Langton as Archbishop?####1213
In what way did war cause the FBW?####failures in France
What land was lost in 1204?####Normandy, Anjou, Poitou
What land battle was lost in 1214?####Battle of Bouvais
What nickname was King John given?####Softsword
What were the method of the FBW?####War, Communication
What acts of war were taken before the signing of the Magna Carta?####Langton supports
resistance, barons raise armies
When did Stephen Langton join the fight against King John?####25th August 1213
What did Langton do against King John?####called for Henry I's coronation charter
Henry I's coronation charter####an example of how to be a good king
When did barons raise armies against King John?####1215
What was the army against King John called?####Army of God
What did the 'Army of God' do?####caputure London and Exeter, demanded to meet John @
Runnymede
, When and where was the Magna Carta signed?####15th June, 1215, Runnymede
What did John do after signing the MC?####reneged on MC, asks Pope Innocent III to annul it
How does Pope Innocent III respond to John's request to annul MC?####annuls MC
What does Pope Innocent III say about MC?####'not only shameful but illegal and unjust'
What acts of war were taken after the MC?####barons go to war with John
Who drafted the MC?####Stephen Langton
How many clauses does MC have?####63
MC Clause 1####Johnto cease interference in Church
MC Clauses 12 & 14####no tax collected w/out barons' consent
MC Clause 61####council of 25 barons & bishops to oversee John's rule
In what 2 ways was the FBW significant?####short term, long term
What was the significance of the FBW?####very little
Why was the significance of the FBW very little in the short term?####MC limited scope, John never
intended to adhere to MC
How was the MC limited in scope?####only applied to upper classes (even w/ revisions)
How did John avoid adhering to MC?####got Pope Innocent III to annul it
What was the significance of the FBW long term?####colossal
Why was the significance of the FBW colossal in the long term?####applied to all freemen, symbol
of rights movements
How did the MC apply to all freemen in the long term?####redrafted by Stephen Langton and this
version became part of English law
What rights movements was the FBW a symbol to?####American declaration of Independence
When was the Second Barons War?####1264-1267
What were the causes of the SBW?####government, war
In what ways did government cause the SBW?####lavish spending, promotion of favourites
What did Henry III spend his money on?####vanity projects
Give examples of Henry III's lavish spending.####Relic of the Holy Blood, renovation of Westminster
Abbey
What was the result of Henry III's lavish spending?####higher taxation
Give an example of Henry III's promotion of favourites.####Lusignan family
What was the result of the Henry III's promotion of favourites?####1233: small rebellion
In what way did war cause SBW?####Henry III was a poor military leader
What were the causes of the First Barons' war?####Government, Religion, War
When was the First Baron's War?####1215-1217
In what ways did government cause the FBW?####personal cruelty, heavy taxes
Give an example of personal cruelty that caused the FBW####1211 - fined Robert de Vaux £1000
w/out evidence, starved the wife and son of William de Briouze bc they feel out
What taxes caused the FBW?####scutage, inheritance tax
Scutage####payment in lieu of military service
How did inheritance tax change under King John?####from £100 - £1000s
In what way did religion cause the FBW?####argument w/ Pope
Who was the Pope in 1207?####Pope Innocent III
What argument did King John have with Pope Innocent III?####who should be Archbishop of
Canterbury
Who did Pope Innocent III want as Archbishop?####Stephen Langton
Who did King John want as Archbishop?####John de Gray
What was the result of the argument over who should Archbishop in 1207?####King John (ergo
England) excommunicated
What was the result of King John (and England) 's excommunication?####widespread fear
When did King John relent and instate Langton as Archbishop?####1213
In what way did war cause the FBW?####failures in France
What land was lost in 1204?####Normandy, Anjou, Poitou
What land battle was lost in 1214?####Battle of Bouvais
What nickname was King John given?####Softsword
What were the method of the FBW?####War, Communication
What acts of war were taken before the signing of the Magna Carta?####Langton supports
resistance, barons raise armies
When did Stephen Langton join the fight against King John?####25th August 1213
What did Langton do against King John?####called for Henry I's coronation charter
Henry I's coronation charter####an example of how to be a good king
When did barons raise armies against King John?####1215
What was the army against King John called?####Army of God
What did the 'Army of God' do?####caputure London and Exeter, demanded to meet John @
Runnymede
, When and where was the Magna Carta signed?####15th June, 1215, Runnymede
What did John do after signing the MC?####reneged on MC, asks Pope Innocent III to annul it
How does Pope Innocent III respond to John's request to annul MC?####annuls MC
What does Pope Innocent III say about MC?####'not only shameful but illegal and unjust'
What acts of war were taken after the MC?####barons go to war with John
Who drafted the MC?####Stephen Langton
How many clauses does MC have?####63
MC Clause 1####Johnto cease interference in Church
MC Clauses 12 & 14####no tax collected w/out barons' consent
MC Clause 61####council of 25 barons & bishops to oversee John's rule
In what 2 ways was the FBW significant?####short term, long term
What was the significance of the FBW?####very little
Why was the significance of the FBW very little in the short term?####MC limited scope, John never
intended to adhere to MC
How was the MC limited in scope?####only applied to upper classes (even w/ revisions)
How did John avoid adhering to MC?####got Pope Innocent III to annul it
What was the significance of the FBW long term?####colossal
Why was the significance of the FBW colossal in the long term?####applied to all freemen, symbol
of rights movements
How did the MC apply to all freemen in the long term?####redrafted by Stephen Langton and this
version became part of English law
What rights movements was the FBW a symbol to?####American declaration of Independence
When was the Second Barons War?####1264-1267
What were the causes of the SBW?####government, war
In what ways did government cause the SBW?####lavish spending, promotion of favourites
What did Henry III spend his money on?####vanity projects
Give examples of Henry III's lavish spending.####Relic of the Holy Blood, renovation of Westminster
Abbey
What was the result of Henry III's lavish spending?####higher taxation
Give an example of Henry III's promotion of favourites.####Lusignan family
What was the result of the Henry III's promotion of favourites?####1233: small rebellion
In what way did war cause SBW?####Henry III was a poor military leader
