GACE Middle Grades Reading Correct 100%

Appreciative Listening - Answer Listening to enjoy and experience. Attentive Listening - Answer Listening to gain knowledge. Critical Listening - Answer Listening to evaluate arguments and ideas. Decoding Approach - Answer This refers to translating printed word into sound to help young readers learn the English language. (Charles C. Fries) Asking Questions Approach - Answer This space approach emphasizes the importance of asking inferential in critical thinking questions of the reader which would challenge and engage the children in the text. It requires the reader to use text clues to make predictions and to evaluate the text. Comprehension Skill Approach - Answer The belief that the reading teacher has to teach a set of discrete "comprehension skills" that would allow young readers to come away with the main idea, sequence, cause-and-effect, and other concepts to help them comprehend the text more effectively. (Otto) Transactional Approach - Answer The idea that the reader constructs a meaning from the text that reflects both the reader and the text. Efferent reading is looking for and remembering information to use functionally. Aesthetic reading is done to connect once owned life the text. (Louise Rosenblatt) Bottom Up Theory - Answer This theory assumes young readers learn from part to whole. Reading is seen as skills based; skills are taught one at a time. A student learns letters, then words, then sentences, then paragraphs, then stories. Top Down Theory - Answer This theory suggests that reading begins with the reader's knowledge, not the print. Students are believed to learn by being surrounded by print and learning to read by continuous interaction with print. To increase a student's reading ability, you must increase the readers knowledge. Balance Literacy Approach - Answer This approach encourages the use of "real literature". Advocates argue that real literature engages young readers, promotes lifelong reading, offers readers a language base, and is easier to learn. John Munro - Answer This person studied the effects of reading aloud. Stated that reading aloud allows the reader to make a link between the printed word, the sound of a word, and the meaning of a word to allow the reader to make connections that will help them become better readers and comprehend what they are reading. Brian Camborne - Answer This person proposed that children acquire early facility with oral and written language most easily when certain conditions are present in their environments, both at home and school. He came up with eight conditions to help students become better readers. Marylin Jager Adams - Answer This person focuses on a more 1on1 reading approach with less focus on phonics and more on reading comprehension skills. The Emergent Reading Approach frees up and engages students in the reading and helps them comprehend what they are reading. Lucy Calkins - Answer This person developed a reading program that helps students learn to read by incorporating quiet reading, reading journals in which students had to write about what they read, and small group discussions about what they read. This approach allows students to improve reading and writing skills because they are intertwined. Jerome Bruner - Answer This person believes that young children learn to read not for reading sake but in order to socialize. They crack the linguistic code in order to communicate. Thus reading teachers should teach reading in such a way that the student learns to read in order to communicate. J. David Cooper - Answer This person advocates for a experience based reading approach. The student can construct meaning to what they're reading based on previous experiences. The teacher needs to help students make the connection between what they know and what they're reading about. Marie Clay - Answer This person develop a reading program called Reading Recovery. Ahis program focuses on a whole language approach in which there is more focus on students learning words rather than phonetic sounds. Instead of tedious repetition of phonetic sounds and memorization, students learn to read by reading "real literature." Oral Reading Progress Assessment. Sharon Taberski - Answer This person developed the "pillars" of reading: accurate fluent reading, background knowledge, oral language and vocabulary, reading - writing connections, and repertorie of strategies. Rudolf Flesch - Answer This person advocated against the whole langauge approach in favor of the phonic approach. Phonemic Awareness - Answer A subset of Phonological Awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning. Phonological Awareness - Answer This refers to an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of spoken words. Can be reliable predictor of later reading ability. Oddity Task - Answer Identification of an odd sound within a series of similar sounds. Balanced Literacy Approach - Answer Assessment-based planning is at the core of this model. It is characterized by explicit skill instruction and the use of authentic texts. Several modialities of literacy are used to teach students how to read for themselves. Ability Grouping - Answer Grouping of children with similar needs for instructional purposes. Groups may change throughout the year based on the changing needs of the student. Assonance - Answer The resemblance of sounds. Alliteration - Answer The use of the same consonant or of a vowel, not necessarily the same vowel at the beginning of each word or each stressed syllable in a line of verse, as in around the rock the ragged rascal ran. Rhyming - Answer Identity in sound of some part, especially the end, of words or lines of verse. Anchor Book - Answer A book used to teach reading and writing. A balnced literacy term. Alphabetic Principle - Answer The idea that written spellings represent spoken words.