BCBA 5th edition task list Questions and Answers 2023

BCBA 5th edition task list Questions and Answers 2023 Description is a collection of facts about an observed event. Prediction repeated observations reveal that observing other events can consistently result in accurately anticipating an outcome Control a specific change in one event can be reliably produced by scientific manipulation or variables. Radical behaviorism is a branch of behaviorism that includes thoughts and feelings in addition to the observable events Generality/Generalization Behavior change that lasts over time, appears in environment other than the environment which it was taught and spreads to other behaviors not targeted by the intervention Effective behavior that changes in a practical manner that results in clinical or social significance Technological all procedures of an intervention, data and results of an experiment or study are cleared outlined in detail so they can be understood, replicated and implemented by anyone Applied the commitment of effecting improvements in people's behaviors to enhance their quality of life. Conceptually systematic all procedures used in practice should be related to the basic behavioral principles of behavior analysis from which they were derived. Analytic when the experimenter has demonstrated a reliable change and functional relation between the manipulated events of a target behavior. Behavioral Observable and measurable behavior that must be the behavior in need of improvement. 7 dimension of behavior GET A CAB Behavior an organism interaction with the environment "Dead man's test" Response a specific instance of behavior Stimulus events in the environment that affect the behavior of an individual Stimulus class a group of stimuli that are similar along one or more dimensions ( for example, they look or sounds similar, they have a common effect on the behavior, or they at similar times relative to the response). Respondent conditioning a learning process wherein a previously neutral stimulus (which would not alter behavior) acquires the ability to elicit a response (alter behavior). Operant conditioning consequences that results in an increase or decrease the frequency in the same type of behavior under similar conditions (remember operant behaviors are controlled by their consequences) Positive reinforcement a response is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that results in an increase in behavior under similar circumstances Negative reinforcement a response is followed by the removal of a stimulus that results in an increase on behavior under similar circumstances. Fixed Ratio (FR) a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses occur Fixed Interval (FI) a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time elapses. Variable Ratio (VR) a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of responses are emitted. Positive punishment the presentation of a stimulus (punishment) follows a response, which then results in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior. Negative punishment the removal of a stimulus (punishment) follows response, which then results in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior. Automatic contingencies behaviors maintained by automatic contingencies can be said to produce their own consequences, without another person changing the environment in anyway in response to the behavior interest Socially mediated contingencies contingency delivered in whole or in part by another person. Unconditioned reinforcer reinforcement that works without prior learning in ( In other words, living things came into the world with a need for these things "built in' to their biology. Conditioned reinforcer a reinforcer which becomes reinforcing only after a learning history. Generalized reinforcer a consequence that has been paired with access to many different reinforcing consequences until it took on reinforcing properties Unconditioned punisher punishment that works without prior learning ( in other words, living things come into the world with a need to avoid these things "built in" to their biology. Conditioned punisher A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency and occurrences of behavior that is based on an organism's learning history with other punishers (in other words, organisms are not born wanting to avoid these things). Generalized punisher a consequence that has been paired with many different experiences of punishment until it took on punishing properties itself Operant extinction withholding all reinforcing from a previously reinforcered behavior maintained by its consequences Stimulus control rates of responding happen exclusively, or at a higher rate, in the presence of a stimulus rather than in its absence. Discrimination occurs when a limited number of stimuli occasion a response. Generalization occurs when a variety of stimuli occasion a certain response. Generalization occurs across different individuals, environment and times. Maintenance following the removal of an intervention, the extent to which a response remains in an individual's repertoire over time. Motivating Operations (Establishing Operations and Abolishing Operations) MO is an umbrella term that captures both EOs and AOs within it. MOs are environmental variables that alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of a stimulus. Establishing Operations (EO): A type of motivating operation that makes a stimulus more desirable (more effective as a reinforcer). (Increases) Abolishing Operations (AO): A type of motivating operation that makes the stimulus less desirable (less effective as a reinforcer). (decrease) Conditioned Motivating Operation Reflexive (CMO-R) A condition or object that signals a worsening or improving of conditions. Example in clinical context: A client sees their behavior analyst walk through the door and sit down in the free play area (improving condition). This client loves working with their behavior analyst, so the value of the free play area increases. Conditioned Motivating Operation Transitive (CMO-T) An environmental variable that establishes/abolishes the effectiveness of another stimulus as a reinforcer. Example in everyday context: Your house is locked. This establishes the reinforcing value of a key to unlock your house. Conditioned Motivating Operation Surrogate (CMO-S) A stimulus that acquired its effectiveness as an MO by being paired with another, previously established, MO. Rules governed behavior behavior that is under the control of a verbally mediated rule; behavior insensitive to immediate contingencies. Contingency shaped behavior behavior selected by direct consequences Mand a type of verbal operant in which the speaker asks/requests what they need or want. Tact a type of verbal operant which the speaker names things and actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of their senses ( see, feel, smell, touch) Echoic a type of verbal behavior that occurs when the speaker repeats the word of another speaker. Intraverbal verbal behavior that is under the control of someone elses verbal behavior. Derived stimulus relations a relation between two or more stimuli that is not directly trained and not based on physical properties, of the stimuli. If A, B, and C all correspond to the same thing, and only A-B and B-C are directly trained, the relation drawn between A and C is derived. Operational definition an observable, measurable description of a target behavior. Direct measure a way of taking data on a behavior of interest by observing the behavior itself and recording observable and measurable in formation about it Indirect measures data that are obtained by interviews, checklists and rating scales which include an individual's subjective experience of target behavior. indirect measures still gather information about the behavior of interest using interactions with people, but not through direct observations. Product measures measuring a behavior after it occurred by examining the effects the behavior produced on the environment. Frequency count (how often a behavior occurs) Rate count/time (a measure of how often a behavior occurs over an amount of time. REMEMBER rate is like frequency, expect with a time component added. Percentage a measurement expressed as a portion of each hundred Duration the amount of time during which the behavior happens: how long the behavior takes. Latency the time between an opportunity to emit a behavior and when the behavior is initiated Interresponse time The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a behavior. IRT is measured from the end of the first response to the beginning of the second response (and so forth if there are more than two responses). Topography what the behavior looks like Magnitude the force, intensity and/or severity of a behavior. Determinism events that occur in the univserse do not happen "out of the blue", rather the occur in an orderly and predictable manner Empiricism requires the manipulation of the independent variable to see the effects on the dependent variable in order to demonstrate a functional relation