AQA AS PSYCHOLOGY 7181/1 Paper 1 Introductory topics in psychology Mark scheme June 2022

AQA AS PSYCHOLOGY 7181/1 Paper 1 Introductory topics in psychology Mark scheme June 2022. Explain how using counterbalancing might improve the design of the study. [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO3 = 2 2 marks for a clear and coherent explanation of how using counterbalancing might improve the design of the study. 1 mark for a muddled/limited explanation. Relevant points:  addresses the problem of order effects, eg practice, may have occurred in the repeated measures design/because participants took part in both conditions  by having half the participants do the conditions in a different order any order effects affect both conditions equally. Accept other possible explanations. With reference to Sherry’s experiences, explain three different types of long-term memory. [6 marks] Marks for this question: AO2 = 6 For each type of long-term memory award marks as follows: 2 marks for a clear and coherent application of a type of long-term memory with elaboration. 1 mark for a muddled/limited application. Possible application:  Sherry remembering her tenth birthday party/when she was on holiday in France are examples of episodic memory because she recalls the events that took place at a specific point in time  Sherry remembering how to swim is an example of procedural memory because she is remembering an automatic action/muscle-based memory  Sherry recalling the French words (for the food she ate) is an example of semantic memory because it involves remembering factual/meaningful information. 0 5 0 6 MARK SCHEME – AS PSYCHOLOGY – 7181/1 – JUNE 2022 11 Outline retroactive interference as an explanation for forgetting. [3 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 3 3 marks for a clear, coherent and detailed explanation of retroactive interference as an explanation of forgetting, using appropriate terminology. 2 marks for a less detailed explanation using some of the detail given below. 1 mark for a muddled or limited explanation. Possible content:  retroactive interference is where a newer memory disrupts an older memory: the older information is forgotten  retroactive interference is where two lots of information become confused/mixed up in memory  retroactive interference is greater when the two lots of information are similar  retroactive interference is less likely to occur when there is a gap between the instances of learning. Credit other relevant information. Briefly explain one strength of interference theory as an explanation for forgetting. [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO3 = 2 2 marks for a clear and coherent explanation of a strength of interference as an explanation of forgetting. 1 mark for a muddled/limited explanation.