Praxis Computer Sciences Update

Praxis Computer Sciences 5652 2023 Update digital divide - Answer-the gulf between those who have ready access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not. Solutions to digital divide - Answer-*Increase affordability *Empowering usersImprove the relevance of *online content Internet infrastructure *developmentAddress gender gap in internet access Creative Commons - Answer-A kind of copyright that makes it easier for people to copy, share, and build on your creative work, as long as they give you credit for it. Open Source - Answer-Software that is created for free use by everyone Copyright - Answer-the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. Abstraction - Answer-Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics. Control abstraction - Answer-Don't care "How" it gets done Data Abstraction - Answer-Representing or storing information with methods that separate layers of concerns so that the programmer can work with information while ignoring lower-level details about how the information is represented. Abstraction allows.... - Answer-you to modify "parts" of a program without messing up the larger program Abstraction Hierarchy - Answer-Most general concepts on top of the hierarchy and specific concepts on the bottom pattern recognition - Answer-looking for similarities among and within problems Problem Decomposition - Answer-The process of breaking a complex problem or system into parts that are easier to conceive, understand, program, and maintain. Binary - Answer-The binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1. Hexadecimal - Answer-A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15. natural language - Answer-Person to Person Oval (Flowchart) - Answer-start/end Rectangle (flowchart) - Answer-Action or process Dimond (Flowchart) - Answer-A choice Arrow (flowchart) - Answer-Direction of a choice Rhombus (flowchart) - Answer-Input / Output Pseudocode - Answer-Shorthand notation for programming Algorithm Analysis - Answer-A general process that determines the amount of resources (such as time and storage) necessary to execute any particular algorithm, most commonly using Big O notation, such as O(N) or O(N^2) Linear Search - Answer-Each item in the list is checked in order. Binary Search - Answer-An ordered list is divided in 2 with each comparison. Bubble Sort - Answer-Moving through a list repeatedly, swapping elements that are in the wrong order. Merge Sort - Answer-A list is split into individual lists, these are then combined (2 lists at a time). recursive algorithm - Answer-solves a problem by breaking that problem into smaller subproblems, solving these subproblems, and combining the solutions. Randomization - Answer-a process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups Heuristic solution - Answer-*A problem-solving technique which sacrifices accuracy to increase speed *Rules of Thumb Linear Algorithm - Answer-Sequential search, searches by checking each element in a set. Quadratic - Answer-degree of 2 exponential function - Answer-Constant ratio increase logarithmic function - Answer-What exponent is needed to get a number....