270 SAR Search and Rescue Certification Test Practice Questions with Correct Answers

270 SAR Search and Rescue Certification Test Practice Questions with Correct Answers 1-1. Search can be defined as: >>>A. the location of persons in distress. 1-2. Rescue can be defined as: >>>D. the retrieval and initial care for a person in distress along with their delivery to a place of safety. 1-3. The three fundamental skills for search and rescue training are: >>>C. search, rescue, and survival/support. 1-4. The Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) defines search and rescue as: >>>A. the act of finding and returning to safety the survivors from an emergency incident. 1-5. T.J. Setnicka, author of "Wilderness Search and Rescue," stated that SAR was essentially: >>>B. a transportation problem. 1-6. The National Association for Search and Rescue is: >>>B. a not-for-profit membership organization of both paid and unpaid SAR professionals. 1-7. The National Association for Search and Rescue (NASAR) developed the SAR TECH certification criteria in order to: >>>A. evaluate three levels of search responder so that a measurable level of capability could be available for incident commanders. 1-8. The Citizens Corps programs DO NOT include: >>>D. SAR TECH Standards. 1-9. The CERT course is offered by: >>>C. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2-1. The National SAR Committee (NSARC) sponsors and oversees the: >>>A. U.S. National Search and Rescue Plan (NSP). 2-2. The federal SAR coordinator for all inland SAR is the: >>>C. U.S. Air Force. 2-3. The U.S. National Search and Rescue Plan (NSP) was developed to: >>>A. provide guidance to agencies for coordinating civil SAR services to meet domestic and international commitments. 2-4. The National Search and Rescue Supplement (NSS) is a supplement to the: >>>D. IAMSAR (International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue) Manual. 2-5. Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) are designed for: >>>C. aviation use. 2-6. Cospas-Sarsat is: >>>A. an international search and rescue system that uses satellites to detect and locate emergency beacons. 2-7. Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) are designed for: >>>D. use by individuals. 2-8. Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) are designed for: >>>B. maritime applications. 2-9. A Local User Terminal (LUT): >>>C. is the ground station that processes the signal from an emergency beacon. 2-10. The Mission Control Center (MCC): >>>B. transmits an alert message to the appropriate Regional Control Center (RCC). 2-11. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with: >>>B. development of a National Response Plan (NRP). 2-12. Outside of National Parks, domestic land SAR services are often performed by: >>>C. state and local authorities or SAR units. 2-13. The operational capabilities of a FEMA Urban SAR Task Force include: >>>A. physical and technical search and rescue operations in damaged collapsed structures. 2-14. FEMA US&R teams generally perform: >>>A. hazardous materials surveys and evaluations. 2-15. According to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, one of the criteria that should be met before an AMBER Alert is activated is: >>>B. law enforcement believes the child in danger of serious bodily harm or death. 2-16. According to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, one of the criteria that should be met before an AMBER Alert is activated is: >>>B. law enforcement confirms a child has been abducted. 2-17. According to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, one of the criteria that should be met before an AMBER Alert is activated is: >>>A. there is enough descriptive information available to believe and immediate broadcast alert will help. 2-18. According to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, if you believe your child is missing you should: >>>B. call law enforcement immediately. 3-1. Which ICS function approves the ordering of additional resources? >>>D. Command 3-2. The planning section: >>>C. maintains and displays situation status. 3-3. Which ICS function provides treatment of injured SAR workers? >>>C. Logistics 3-4. The standardization of job titles in ICS: >>>B. identifies to which level of the ICS organization a person is assigned. 3-5. The type of a resource relates to: >>>B. the level of skill and capability of a resource. 3-6. In multi-agency and multiple jurisdiction incidents, how many Incident Commands may there be? >>>D. one 3-7. The five primary ICS management functions are: >>>A. Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance 3-8. In an incident with many kinds of resources, how many incident bases may be established? >>>D. one 3-9. An Incident Action Plan: >>>A. provides specific tactical direction for a designated operational period. 3-10. Strike Team requirements include: >>>D. all of the above. (A. the same kind and type of resources, B. common communications, C. a leader. 3-11. Task Force requirements include: >>>B. different kinds and types of resources. 3-12. An available resource's reporting location, time, and likely length of mission is found in: >>>C. Incident Assignments Lists. 3-13. Check-in may occur at: >>>D. all of the above. (A. staging areas, B. incident base, C. camps.) 3-14. The Incident Command System refers to: >>>A. an on-scene incident management model. 3-15. The Resource Unit Leader reports to: >>>A. the Planning Section Chief. 3-16. Common terminology should always be used in the ICS for: >>>D. all of the above. (A. resources, B. position titles, C. resources and facilities.) 3-17. Every incident needs a written Incident Action Plan. >>>B. False 3-18. Essential elements of the Incident Action Plan include: >>>D. both a and b. (A. organization details. B. a statement of objectives.DD) 3-19. Command Staff consists of: >>>C. Safety Officer, Liaison Officer, and Public Information Officer. 4-1. If the subject of a SAR mission is found unconscious, the SAR provider's authorization to treat life-threatening injuries is called: >>>B. implied consent. 4-2. If, while on a mission, a SAR provider finds a conscious, mentally incompetent adult subject with nonlife-threatening injuries, the provider's authority to treat and transport: >>>B. may be authorized by a law enforcement officer. 4-3. The Good Samaritan Laws in most states: >>>D. provide an affirmative defense if a provider is sued for rendering care. 4-4. The HIPPA standards: >>>C. protect the patient from improper release of health information. 4-5. Searchers are obligated to leave a property if: >>>A. the land to be searched is not posted but permission is denied. 4-6. All clues found in a search area: >>>D. should be treated as if they were evidence, if a crime is suspected. 4-7. The policy of "do no harm" is generally imposed on: >>>C. all SAR providers. 4-8. A standard of care: >>>B. may be different for medically trained SAR providers. 4-9. If a SAR organization claims to provide a service that is only provided by a few specially qualified members, the principle of __________may be violated. >>>B. engendered reliance 4-10. A member's failure to respond to a SAR mission is classified as: >>>D. none of the above. (A. abandonment, B. battery, C. negligence) 5-1. The loss of heat to the environment is referred to as: >>>C. heat transfer. 5-2. An inactive person requires a minimum of how many liters of water a day to keep all body systems functioning properly? >>>A. 1-2 5-3. SAR providers may require as much as ____ liters of water a day in extreme environments: >>>D. 8-10 5-4. What is the required daily caloric intake for an average (165-lb.) SAR provider? >>>D. 3700 5-5. The body's primary method of regulating its temperature involves finely adjusting the flow of heated blood between its core and periphery. >>>A. True 5-6. To prevent convective heat loss, air movement around the body must be: >>>A. eliminated or reduced. 6-1. The highest priority in an emergency situation is: >>>C. maintaining a positive mental attitude. 6-2. Water is a higher priority in an emergency than: >>>A. food. 6-3. The necessities of life should be prioritized in an emergency in terms of: >>>B. length of time a person can live without each item. 6-4. Energy conservation and waste removal are two needs satisfied by: >>>C. rest. 6-5. Select the answer that best reflects the priorities of life in terms of their importance. >>>D. positive mental attitude, body shelter, rest, food 6-6. You and another day hiker have lost your bearings on an afternoon's walk on a backcountry trail. To your current regret, both of you neglected to bring the essentials and failed to stop when you realized that you were uncertain of your exact position. Night is falling and temperatures will drop quickly. In terms of survival, what is your HIGHEST priority? >>>C. erecting a shelter 6-7. In terms of survival, what is your LOWEST priority? >>>A. obtaining food 6-8. The stage of the human response to a life-threatening situation in which muscles tighten, sweat glands constrict, the pulse quickens, and adrenaline begins to flow is called: >>>B. reaction. 6-9. The sequence in which the different stages occur in response to a life-threatening situation is: >>>C. alarm, reaction, response and options, rest. 6-10. The stage of behavior that occurs in response to a life-threatening situation and is most commonly recognized as the "fight or flight" syndrome is: >>>A. response and options. 6-11. You and your area search dog are searching for victims in the debris field of a recent alpine winter avalanche. You and the dog are sharply focused when you hear a sharp, reverberating "crack" on the mountain above you and feel the rumble of sliding snow. The first stage of your initial response to this life-threatening situation is: >>>C. alarm. 6-12. Relief is the only thing to sweep over you as you and your dog watch the avalanche roar harmlessly past you and your colleagues to stop in the valley below. All of you were able to maneuver clear of the slide's path. The excitement of the moment combines with your earlier exertions to temporarily drain you of your energy. Your knees feel so weak that you sit in the snow to gather yourself back together. The stage of a life-threatening situation into which you have now entered is: >>>B. rest. 6-13. The surroundings and patterns of behavior in which the average person customarily operates is referred to as: >>>B. comfort zone. 6-14. A searcher placed outside of his or her "comfort zone" in an emergency is likely to experience a sense of: >>>B. stress and anxiety. 6-15. The prepared searcher seeks to ________ his or her personal comfort zone through __________________. >>>C. expand/self-discipline and practice 6-16. A practice that is LEAST likely to result in an increased comfort zone is: >>>C. experiencing high levels of stress. 6-17. Means of controlling fear include: >>>D. all of the above. (A. affirmative self-talk. B. gathering as much information as possible. C. having a number of options or contingencies in your plan.) 6-18. Which of the following is NOT a means to help control fear? >>>D. avoiding the fear mechanism 6-19. All of following are means to control fear EXCEPT: >>>C. removal of yourself physically and mentally from the situation. 6-20. In the survival situation plan, the "O" stands for: >>>A. sizing up the situation through direct Observation. 6-21. The mnemonic ____________ represents a means to find answers in an emergency. >>>C. "STOP" 6-22. The "S" in the mnemonic for the survival situation plan stands for: >>>D. "Stop" 6-23. The correct order in which terms appear in the mnemonic taught as a means to find answers in an emergency is: >>>B. Stop/Think/Observe/Plan 6-24. "Positive mental attitude" may be referred to as: >>>A. "Will to live." 6-25. "Will to live" and "whole person concept" are the two areas of the concept of: >>>A. positive mental attitude. 6-26. The "whole person concept" is defined as: >>>C. the inter-relationship between mental and physical body processes. 6-27. Two searchers have become separated from their crews at different times but under identical circumstances: limited food, limited water, darkness, and an approaching blizzard. One is very pessimistic about his chances of making it through the night. He is unable to gather his thoughts and create a plan for self-preservation. The second repeatedly tells himself, "I know I can beat this...I know I can beat this...I KNOW I can beat this!" He keeps a clear head and manages to put together a survival plan. Based on what you have read here, the thing that is MOST likely to contribute to the SECOND searcher's survival is: >>>B. positive mental attitude. 6-28. Nearly all survival situations end within: >>>C. 72 hours. 6-29. What percentage of successful survival experiences last over 3 days? >>>D. less than 5% 6-30. You and a team member are caught out on a mission in the beginning of a driving rain and with an immobilized patient. You and the other searcher gather together your materials: parachute cord, dead tree limbs, a plastic tarp, some fresh tree boughs, and a heavy garbage bag. He proposes constructing a lean-to with the fresh tree boughs plus some more that you and he will cut. You recommend instead that the two of you construct something with the tarp. Why? >>>C. It is difficult to build a truly weatherproof shelter from natural materials. 6-31. You and another day hiker are stranded in the desert on a hot spring afternoon, having climbed out of a slot canyon to avoid a flash flood. The other hiker sets about gathering sticks and rocks to build a shelter. You decide instead take cover in the shadows beneath a nearby rock overhang spacious enough for you both. You ask the other hiker to stop what he or she is doing because: >>>B. the rock overhang gives you a shelter that takes best advantage of usable materials, takes no time or effort to build, and minimizes your fluid loss through sweating. 6-32. You are improvising a shelter in a rocky forest on a chilly autumn night. You have used your tarp, two tree limbs, and lengths of parachute line to make a simple, low "pup"or tarp-tent. Your shelter "floor" is a quarter-acre sized piece of flat granite that makes up the forest floor. Standing back to admire your work, you realize that it needs a few more touches. You empty your pack at the shelter entrance. Next, you fill the pack with dry leaves. You pour these leaves into the shelter and spread them into a thick mat. You then spread out your empty pack and some of its larger contents (extra plastic, poncho, etc.) into a pallet on top of the leaves. Now satisfied, you crawl into the shelter for a restful sleep. Why did you do what you did with the leaves and pack? >>>D. The leaves and pack contents create an insulation layer. 6-33. With which means of water purification can you use the water's odor or flavor to gauge if the purification is likely effective? >>>B. hypochlorite (bleach) 6-34. Which means of water purification calls for different amounts of purification for clear or cloudy water, and uses a potent poison? >>>A. iodine 6-35. You've drunk all the water in your pack on a hot summer backcountry search. Your crew finds a small stream. You dig through your pack only to find that your water purification tablets are missingyou didn't replace the ones you used on last week's overnight hike. Your pack has a number of other things, though. Which would be the best for water purification? >>>D. bottle of iodine crystals 6-36. The least often occurring color in a natural environment is: >>>C. royal blue. 6-37. The optimal length-to-width ratio of ground letters or signals made to attract aerial searchers is: >>>C. 6:1. 6-38. A means of improving the visibility of a signal is: >>>A. adding motion to the signal. 6-39. You're explaining to a newer crew member exactly how to construct a spot for human waste disposal in the field. How deep do you tell him or her to dig it? >>>C. around 6 inches deep, but no deeper than the organic layer of soil 6-40. Another crew member asks where to locate a temporary spot for human waste disposal in the field. Where do you tell him or her to do so? >>>D. in a spot that is at least 200 feet from the campsite and water sources, with little traffic 6-41. Your crew is in the field at the site of a crashed plane. Your crew is to secure the area overnight until investigators arrive. You, as crew leader, are giving your threemember crew some instructions for human waste disposal. You tell them to: >>>A. dig three individual cat-holes so as to minimize impact at any one place. 6-42. At a "trench" latrine, each user should: >>>B. leave behind the shovel in order to cover the waste with dirt. 6-43. Articles of waste such as leftover food and empty food wrappers in the field should be disposed of by: >>>D. packing them out and disposing of them properly. 6-44. The feet should be bathed/rinsed/soaked only: >>>D. at the end of the day. 6-45. Water used for brushing your teeth or gargling: >>>B. should be purified just as your drinking water is. 6-46. Bathing should be done in: >>>C. a spot away from the water source, and with biodegradable soap. 7-1. What natural fiber material best maintains its insulative properties when wet? >>>B. wool 7-2. Cotton is an inappropriate material to be worn by SAR providers. >>>B. False 7-3. The rate of heat transfer in clothing depends on: >>>D. all of the above.( A. the amount of dead air spaces trapped within the clothing and layers, B. water and moisture within the layers., C. the amount of air that passes through the material.) 7-4. When considering clothing systems, SAR providers should also consider: >>>D. all of the above. (A. hats, B. gloves, C. gaiters.) 7-5. What are the five layers of clothing recommended for SAR providers? >>>B. underneath, wicking, clothing, insulation, shell 7-6. A waterproof, non-breathable shell layer could also be called a: >>>A. vapor barrier. 7-7. The clothing layer should saturate and encourage the evaporation of perspiration. >>>A. True 7-8. Generally when dry, nylon fleece, polyester pile and batting, goose down, and wool all have similar insulation values for the same thickness. >>>A. True 7-9. Cordura® is a type of: >>>D. nylon 7-10. Polyester fibers are hollow, don't absorb moisture, and, much like nylon, are poor at wicking moisture. >>>A. True 8-1. Of the following options, which is the most desirable place to be during a thunderstorm? >>>D. under head-high clumps of trees 8-2. If left untreated, frostnip can lead to: >>>B. frostbite. 8-3. Treatment for all heat-related injuries includes: >>>B. eliminating exposure. 8-4. The best treatment for snake bites is: >>>C. to identify, immobilize, and evacuate. 8-5. When crossing a stream, which is NOT a proper technique: >>>D. traveling perpendicular to the flow 8-6. If you find yourself in fast-moving water swimming downstream after a fall, make sure to put your feet down and ditch your pack and try and stand up and move to safety. >>>B. False 8-7. The three types of deserts are: >>>D. mountain, rocky plateau, and sandy. 8-8. Specific skills that are necessary for desert SAR include: >>>A. knowledge of heat stress and the impact on body and mind. 8-9. On mixed rock and ice climbs: >>>C. wear crampons throughout the entire climb if the terrain is 50% or more suitable for crampons. 9-1. The 24-hour pack is important because: >>>D. all of the above.( A. it allows the SAR provider to be self-reliant, B. helps the SAR provider to maximize his or her effectiveness, C. helps the SAR provider to maintain comfort.) 9-2. Body protection equipment helps us to minimize distractions and improve comfort and safety. >>>B. False 9-3. Weight of fresh water is: >>>C. 8.5 pounds per gallon. 9-4. Which of the following are reasons to have a SAR ready pack? >>>D. all of the above (A. self-reliance, B. assist SAR provider or subject, C. maintain comfort for SAR provider ) 9-5. When carrying food on a SAR mission, what type do you NOT want to carry? >>>C. "meal" type 9-6. The intake of fluid is crucial to the SAR provider. What is one step that a SAR provider could take to maintain his or her necessary fluid level? >>>C. Add drink mixes to improve taste. 9-7. In what situation does the ready pack become worthless? >>>A. when it is not where it is needed 9-8. What is the minimum number of sources of water a SAR provider should carry? >>>B. 2 9-9. Which of the following would NOT be considered a "pocket item"? >>>B. camp stove 9-10. Which of the following equipment would not be suitable for SAR work? >>>D. ski jacket 9-11. Which type of insect repellent is most often recommended? >>>C. DEET 9-12. Ideally, insulating ground pads should be: >>>D. all of the above. (A. lightweight. B. compact., C. good insulators.) 9-13. What is the number one drawback for using down in a sleeping bag? >>>A. It loses insulation when wet. 9-14. Sleeping bags are generally compared by: >>>C. loft effect. 9-15. Loft is a term generally used to specify what? >>>C. total thickness 9-16. Which of the four types of sleeping bag shapes is the most efficient in design? >>>B. mummy 9-17. Which is the most common type of baffling used in backpacking sleeping bags? >>>B. shingle construction 9-18. Which of the following would NOT help increase warmth in a sleeping bag? >>>D. sleeping on clean bare soil 9-19. What is the biggest disadvantage of using a tarp for a shelter? >>>A. little insect protection 9-20. Approximately what percent of the weight of most tents is found in the pole system? >>>B. 50% 9-21. Which of the following eating utensils is NOT needed by SAR providers in their ready pack? >>>D. fork 9-22. What is the advantage of having a metal bowl or cup? >>>A. easy to clean 9-23. Which of following is a good characteristic to have in a water bottle? >>>A. wide mouth 9-24. When choosing boots for SAR work, what is NOT an important consideration? >>>D. color 9-25. When choosing a flashlight for SAR work, one should chose: >>>B. medium bright light. 9-26. Which type of knife is better suited for SAR work? >>>D. Swiss army multi-blade knife 9-27. Which type of pack is better suited for SAR work? >>>D. internal frame packs that fit close to the body 9-28. Where should heavy items be placed in your pack? >>>C. close to your back 10-1. Contour lines: >>>B. indicate the elevation of the terrain directly under the lines. 10-2. Which of the "north" arrows on a USGS topographic map points toward the North Pole? >>>C. true north 10-3. What is magnetic declination? >>>C. the difference between true north and magnetic north 10-4. In what direction does the direction-of-travel arrow on a compass point? >>>C. the direction you are traveling 10-5. What is the difference between an azimuth and a back azimuth? >>>C. They are 180 degrees apart. 10-6. Calculate the magnetic bearing from a true bearing of 180 degrees obtained from a map with a declination of 8 degrees east. >>>B. 172 degrees 10-7. You have traveled 200 meters on a bearing of 0 degrees then 400 meters on a bearing of 90 degrees. You have no map. Can you get back? What course would you take to return to your starting point? >>>D. Yes; 270 degrees for 400 meters then 180 degrees for 200 meters 10-8. An advantage of GPS units is: >>>D. their ability to accurately ascertain and track locations 10-9. In order to determine distances on a topographic map, you would use the ____________________ located at the bottom of the map. >>>B. bar scale 10-10. The preferred maps used by most ground search and rescue teams are: >>>C. topographical maps 10-11. The direction-of-travel arrow located on a compass: >>>C. points in the direction of travel when the compass is oriented. 10-12. An imaginary line on the Earth's surface connecting points where the magnetic declination is zero as of a given date is a: >>>C. agonic line. 10-13. Map scale indicates: >>>A. the ratio or proportion of the horizontal distance on the map to the corresponding horizontal distance on the ground. 10-14. The brown lines on a woodland topography map illustrate: >>>C. contour interval. 10-15. On a 1:24,000 scale map, one inch equals _________ feet. >>>C. 2000 10-16. In order to correct magnetic WEST declination when converting from a compass to a map, you must: >>>B. add declination. 10-17. The declination diagram on the map that you are using indicates there is a magnetic declination of 9 degrees west. You follow a compass heading of 355 degrees (magnetic) to travel from a church to a distant peak. Arriving at the peak, you notice that there are many similar peaks in the area and you want to determine which one on the map you are on. >>>C. 346 degrees 10-18. You are hiking through a wooded area on a 24 degrees magnetic bearing and there is a large obstruction in your path. In order to get around the obstruction, you turn right 90 degrees. Your new compass bearing would be ________. You travel this heading approximately 100 feet; you would then turn ___________ for a compass heading of ______ until you could pass the obstruction. Once you have passed the obstruction, you would turn _______ 90 degrees and walk _______ feet before turning right with a compass bearing of 24 degrees magnetic and continue on your original direction of travel. >>>C. 114 degrees, left, 24 degrees, left, 100 10-19. A space-based radio-navigation system consisting of satellites and a network of ground stations used for monitoring and control is called: >>>B. GPS. Contours have certain general characteristics; these are not rules but guidelines that may be helpful in answering questions 20 through 23. 10-20. Contour lines that are close together indicate: >>>B. steep terrain. Contours have certain general characteristics; these are not rules but guidelines that may be helpful in answering questions 20 through 23. 10-21. Lines that have a "V" shape indicate: >>>B. stream beds and narrow ridges. Contours have certain general characteristics; these are not rules but guidelines that may be helpful in answering questions 20 through 23. 10-22. What do hatchures on contour lines indicate? >>>C. depressions 10-23. A mile equals ________ feet. >>>B. 5280 10-24. The back azimuth of a course heading of 275 degrees is: >>>C. 95 degrees. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-25. The approximate elevation at Point A is: >>>B. 740-760 feet. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-26. The approximate elevation at Point B is: >>>B. 840-860 feet. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-27. The approximate elevation at Point C is: >>>B. 900-920 feet. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-28. The approximate elevation at Point D is: >>>C. 820-840 feet. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-29. The approximate elevation at Point E is: >>>B. 860-880 feet. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-30. The intermittent "blue" line with dashes illustrates: >>>C. seasonal stream. Use the topography map above to answer questions 25-31. 10-31. The contour interval on the topography map above is: >>>C. 20 feet. 10-32. A back azimuth is calculated by adding 180 degrees to the azimuth when it is ______ than 180 degrees, or by subtracting 180 degrees if the azimuth is _____ than 180 degrees. >>>B. less, more 10-33. A unit of linear measurement equal to the length of a step or stride is called: >>>B. pace. 10-34. If you travel on a course heading on Leg 1 at 29 degrees for 50 paces; then Leg 2 at 263 degrees for 63 paces; and then Leg 3 at 10 degrees for 90 paces, what would your return heading and paces be for each leg? >>>A.190 degrees/90 paces, 83 degrees /63 paces, 209 degrees/50 paces 10-35. The geographic coordinate system (latitude/longitude) uses a grid system that covers the entire globe. Which way do parallels run? >>>A. east-west 11-1. In SAR, a resource is a(n): >>>C. qualified asset that is ready for use or can be drawn upon for aid. 11-2. Resources can be categorized as: >>>C. human, animal, informational, equipment, and technology. 11-3. Three types of trained human search resources are: >>>B. trackers, hasty teams, and grid search crews. 11-4. In wilderness search and rescue, thermal imaging devices may be used to sense the body heat of the missing person(s). >>>A. True 11-5. FLIR (forward looking infrared) units are used to scan wide areas and are often used from aircraft platforms. >>>A. True 11-6. Communications support can be obtained from: >>>D. all of the above. (A. local amateur radio clubs, B. CB clubs, C. emergency management agency. ) 12-1. Which two forms of travel may be required during SAR incidents? >>>C. technical and non-technical 12-2. When encountering steep slopes: >>>C. it is easier to traverse them by turning at the end of each traverse and stepping off in the new direction with the uphill foot. 12-3. One of the two fundamental rules regarding wilderness travel is not to keep your body weight over your feet. >>>B. False 12-4. On most trails at average walking speeds, the distance that searchers should keep between them is about: >>>C. 6 to 10 feet. 12-5. Smart route planning prior to starting a mission may: >>>A. enable more efficient travel. 12-6. On average, searchers should rest >>>every hour. B. 10 minutes 13-1. __________________ is simply defined as following someone or something by stringing together a continuous chain of their sign. >>>C. Tracking 13-2. Tracks are usually easiest to see: >>>A. when the sun is at a low angle as in early morning or late afternoon. 13-3. __________________ tracking involves the tracker seeing each step while proceeding no further than the last visible track and using the stride to determine where next to look for sign. >>>B. Step-by-step 13-4. Tracking does not require much equipment but does require: >>>B. sight, patience, perseverance, and determination. 13-5. __________________ is looking for sign in order to establish a starting point from which to track. >>>D. Sign cutting 13-6. The step-by-step method of tracking uses: >>>B. a three-person team composed of a point person and two flankers. 13-7. The area where the victim was last known to have been: >>>D. both B and C (B. has the highest chance of containing tracks or other evidence useful to the tracker, and C. can be used by the tracker to determine direction of travel.