ISM 3011 - Chapter 6 Data: Business Intelligence Exam

Data granularity - Answer- refers to the extent of detail within the data Real-time data - Answer- Immediate, up-to-date data. Real-time systems - Answer- provide real-time information in response to requests data inconsistency - Answer- occurs when the same data element has different values data integrity issues - Answer- occur when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data data gap analysis - Answer- occurs when a company examines its data to determine if it can meet business expectations, while identifying possible data gaps or where missing data might exist data stewardship - Answer- the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner data steward - Answer- responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business data governance - Answer- refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data master data management (MDM) - Answer- is the practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete, including such entities as customers, suppliers, products, sales, employees, and other critical entities that are commonly integrated across organizational systems. Data Validation - Answer- includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance policies to ensure correctness of data Database - Answer- maintains data about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses) Database Management System (DBMS) - Answer- creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security query-by-example (QBE) tool - Answer- helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database Structured Query Language (SQL) - Answer- asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database data element (data field) - Answer- The smallest or basic unit of data data model - Answer- logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures Metadata - Answer- provides details about data data dictionary - Answer- compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model Rational Database Model - Answer- stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables relational database management system - Answer- allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database entity - Answer- stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event attributes - Answer- the data elements associated with an entity record - Answer- a collection of related data elements Primary Key - Answer- A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table foriegn key - Answer- A primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables Physical view of data - Answer- the physical storage of data on a storage device logical view of data - Answer- how individual users logically access data to meet their business needs data latency - Answer- the time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved data redundancy - Answer- is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places. integrity constraints - Answer- rules that help ensure the quality of information data integrity - Answer- measure of the quality of data relational integrity constraints - Answer- rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints business rule - Answer- defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer Business-critical integrity constraints - Answer- enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints identity management - Answer- a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity data point - Answer- is an individual item on a graph or a chart Dataset - Answer- an organized collection of data Comparative Analysis - Answer- can compare two or more data sets to identify patterns and trends Industries that use Business Intelligence - Answer- Airlines: analyze popular vacation spots Banking: understand customer credit card usage Health Care: compare the demographics of patients with critical illnesses Insurance: predict claim amounts Law enforcement: track crime patterns Marketing: analyze customer demographics Retail: predict sales Technology: predict hardware failures competitive monitoring - Answer- where a company keeps tabs of its competitor's activities on the web using software that automatically tracks all competitor website activities such as discounts and new products data map - Answer- a technique for establishing a match, or balance, between the source data and the target data warehouse data-driven decision management - Answer- an approach to business governance that values decisions that can be backed up with verifiable data source data - Answer- identifies the primary location where data is collected raw data - Answer- is data that has not been processed for use. data aggregation - Answer- the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing data warehouse - Answer- A logical collection of data - gathered from many different operational databases - that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks ETL - Answer- Extract, Transform, and Load. Used to standardize data across systems, that allow it to be queried. Data warehouse layer - Answer- this layer stores the data from every source system over time data mart - Answer- contains a subset of data warehouse data data cube - Answer- common term for the representation of multidimensional information data lake - Answer- a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its original format until the business needs it dirty data - Answer- erroneous or flawed data Data Cleansing or Scrubbing - Answer- is a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information. data quality audit - Answer- a structured survey of the accuracy and level of completeness of the data in an information system infographics (information graphics) - Answer- presents the results of data analysis, displaying the patterns, relationships, and trends in a graphical format data artist - Answer- a business analytics specialist who uses visual tools to help people understand complex data analysis paralysis - Answer- occurs when the user goes into an emotional state of over-analysis (or over-thinking) a situation so that a decision or action is never taken, in effect paralyzing the outcome Data visualization tools - Answer- move beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more Business Intelligence dashboards - Answer- track corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and include advanced capabilities such as interactive controls, allowing users to manipulate data for analysis distributed computing - Answer- processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment Industries that we will be serving using blockchain include - Answer- Banking Counterfeit and fraud detection Payments Health Care Legal and Smart Contracts Supply Chain Voting ledger - Answer- records classified and summarized transactional data blockchain - Answer- A type of distributed ledger technology consisting of data structure blocks that may contain data or programs, with each block holding batches of individual transactions and the results of any executables. Each block contains a time stamp and a link to a previous block. Proof of Work - Answer- a requirement to define an expensive computer calculation, also called mining, that needs to be preformed in order to create a group of trustless transactions (blocks) on the distributed ledger or blockchain bitcoin - Answer- a type of digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, operating independently of a central bank. blocks - Answer- data structures containing a hash, previous hash, and data genesis block - Answer- The first or first few blocks of a blockchain hash - Answer- a function that converts inputs of letters and numbers into an encrypted output of a fixed length proof of stake - Answer- a way to validate transactions and achieve distributed consensus 3 advantages of blockchain technologies - Answer- Immutability Digital Trust Internet of Things Integration