CLEP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT PRACTICE TEST 2023

12 of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia in September in 1774 for what? - Answer- The First Continental Congress After the battles of Lexington and Concord__________________________ convened in May of 1775 - Answer- The Second Continental Congress "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" - Answer- "Natural Rights" John Locke's 3 rights, according to Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence Congressional powers adopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777 - Answer- Articles of Confederation Refers to (one house) legislature or the Confederation Congress - Answer- Unicameral 5 states call to strengthen the national government - Answer- Annapolis Convention September 1786 A revolt of debtor farmers of Western Massachusetts - Answer- Shay's Rebellion James Madison proposed two house legislation plan - Answer- Virginia Plan Two house legislation plan - Answer- Bicameral A one house legislation plan, but expands revenue increases and commerce regulations - Answer- New Jersey Plan Representation is based on population - Answer- Proportional representation The House of Rep is based n population and Senate is divided equally, each state gets 2. - Answer- The Great Compromise or the Connecticut Compromise Percentages assigned to slaves to determine population in 1783 - Answer- Three-fifths Compromise Compromise over the vote for the Presidency - Answer- Electoral College The division of the government is known as - Answer- The separation of powers Limits the powers of one branch of government by the powers given to another branch - Answer- checks and balances The division of power between the national government and the states - Answer- Federalism Used to allow people to vote when they are traveling or away from their normal residence - Answer- Absentee ballot Policies that favor members of a protected group; used to equalize conditions in society - Answer- Affirmative action Political Party, most famous member is Alabama Gov. George Wallace; known for opposing racial desegregation - Answer- American Independent party Group that helps Native American tribes press land claims - Answer- American Indian Movement "friend of the court" states a position in a court case in writing - Answer- Amicus Curiae brief Restrictions placed on freemen in the aftermath of their emancipation - Answer- Black codes Radical African American Religious groups advocating racial separation and threatening violence to white society - Answer- Black Muslims Militant African-American organization willing to use violence to increase "black power" - Answer- Black Panther Party General Federal grants for whole area of public policy; gives the recipient flexibility - Answer- Block Grant Short-Lived political party that served as a vehicle for Teddy Roosevelt's 1912 campaign for president - Answer- Bull-Moose party Tax on the income made from the sale of real estate or stock - Answer- Capital Gains tax Federal Funds available to states and localities earmarked for a specific purpose - Answer- categorical grant State gathering of political party members to select candidates for office - Answer- Caucus Collects and analyzes information relevant to the national security if the United States. - Answer- Central Intelligence Agency Approach to the presidency in which the executive branch is merely an administrative arm of Congress - Answer- Chief Clerk Model The president's main legislative liaison and staff organizer - Answer- Chief of Staff the geographical area covered by a federal court of appeal - Answer- circuit When activists break a law that they consider unjust as a public challenge to the law - Answer- civil disobedience Individual liberties on which the government may not infringe - Answer- civil liberties Federal law preventing racial discrimination by any private business receiving federal money or engaging in commerce with an interstate component - Answer- Civil Rights of 1964 Banned discrimination in housing - Answer- Civil Rights of 1968 Standard used to judge speech restrictions that are allowed only when an exercise of free speech would directly threaten public safety - Answer- Clear and present danger Primary election where only a party's registered voters may vote to select the party's candidate for the general election - Answer- closed primary A vote of 60 or more senators required to end a filabuster - Answer- Cloture when the definition of obscenity shifts depending on the locale - Answer- Community standard Direct payment sought to recover from damages caused by a defendant - Answer- Compensatory damages Fugitive slave law protecting the South - Answer- Compromise of 1850 Opinion written by a court minority that accepts the judgement, but for alternative reasonings - Answer- Concurring opinion Government that decentralizes units, such as states are clearly dominate - Answer- Confederation American Policy to resist the spread of communism through counterforce - Answer- Containment Policy Different levels of government divide responsibly for public policy areas - Answer- Cooperative Federalism the 1995 peace agreement between Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia brokered by the US - Answer- Dayton Accords Racial separation that comes about as a result of private social practices - Answer- de facto segregation Racial segregation enforced by law - Answer- de jure segregation American policy in the 1970s to ease the tensions with the Soviet Union - Answer- detente The belief that allowing a single country to become communist would result in many more countries in the region doing the same. - Answer- domino theory Specific list of Congressional powers included in Article I of the Constitution; system in which a constitution lists what a limited government is allowed to do. - Answer- Enumerated powers Requires radio and tv to give political candidates equal time on air - Answer- Equal time rule Everyone is given the same chances to succeed by public policy, but the law does not guarantee that everyone will be equal - Answer- Equality of opportunity When a law is less concerned with fair or equal treatment and is more concerned with minimizing differences between groups or people at the end of the process. - Answer- Equality of outcome Presidential promises to other nations that do not require Senate approval; not binding on future administrations - Answer- exe