Unit 8B Applied Science complete
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Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Biology Unit 8B
Unit 8B: Impact of lymphatic disorder and associated treatments.
P3: The gross anatomy and function of the organs of the lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is made up of lymphatic vessels that transport lymph fluid towards
the heart. It is part of the circulatory system and the immune system. The purpose of the
lymphatic system is immune defence. The structure of the lymphatic system includes:
Lymphatic vessels: Found throughout the body except in the bones, teeth, nervous
system and cartilage. They are made of capillaries, trunks and ducts and they
support the flow of lymph.
Lymph nodes: Found around the major arteries, their function is to filter lymph
before it is returned to the blood. Lymph nodes contain defence cells, macrophages
and lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells). Macrophages filter and engulf foreign
particles. Lymphocytes provide immune responses to antigens.
Lymphatic ducts: There are two lymphatic ducts, the right lymphatic duct on the
right and the thoracic duct on the left. These ducts carry lymph fluid to the heart.
Spleen: Oval structure purple in colour, found in the upper left side of the abdomen.
Its function is to filter red blood cell.
Thymus: Bilobed structure located at the front of the heart and behind the sternum.
Helps in development of t-lymphocytes, which are immune system cells.
Tonsils: Soft tissue masses pair, located at the back of the throat. Prevent throat
infection by catching and killing germs.
Lacteals: Located in the small intestine villi, its function is to absorb the fat from the
food.
Bone marrow: Located inside the bones. Produces lymphocytes.
P4: The effect of disorder on the lymphatic system and possible corrective treatments.
Disorders of the lymphatic system include:
Lymphadenitis: When infection leads to a swell of lymph nodes. Treatment includes
antibiotics, and, in some cases, lymphadenectomy is carried out. This is the surgical
removal of infected lymph nodes e.g. tonsils or adenoids.
Lymphedema: When tissue fluid cannot be completely drained from tissues due to
an obstruction of the lymph vessels. Causes could be tumours, obesity, hereditary
lymphedema, etc. There is currently no cure, but patients are advised to improve
symptoms by sleeping with their foot elevated, taking regular moderated exercise,
take diuretics. These are drugs that increase urination, resulting in a loss of body
fluid.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A cancerous disorder that develops in the lymphatic system
due to lymphocytes abnormally dividing or failing to die. This leads to a build-up of
lymph nodes which increase in size due to the tumours. Treatment includes,
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, etc.
Lymphatic Filariasis: Spread by mosquitoes. Caused by a Filarial worm infection, the
worms obstruct the lymph vessels. Adult worms only live in the lymph system.
Symptoms include, impairment of the lymphatic system, elephantiasis, which is a
1
Downloaded by: najbo123 | Want to earn £756
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
assignment
written by
najbo123
www.stuvia.com
Downloaded by: najbo123 | Want to earn £756
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.co.uk - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides
Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Biology Unit 8B
Unit 8B: Impact of lymphatic disorder and associated treatments.
P3: The gross anatomy and function of the organs of the lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is made up of lymphatic vessels that transport lymph fluid towards
the heart. It is part of the circulatory system and the immune system. The purpose of the
lymphatic system is immune defence. The structure of the lymphatic system includes:
Lymphatic vessels: Found throughout the body except in the bones, teeth, nervous
system and cartilage. They are made of capillaries, trunks and ducts and they
support the flow of lymph.
Lymph nodes: Found around the major arteries, their function is to filter lymph
before it is returned to the blood. Lymph nodes contain defence cells, macrophages
and lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells). Macrophages filter and engulf foreign
particles. Lymphocytes provide immune responses to antigens.
Lymphatic ducts: There are two lymphatic ducts, the right lymphatic duct on the
right and the thoracic duct on the left. These ducts carry lymph fluid to the heart.
Spleen: Oval structure purple in colour, found in the upper left side of the abdomen.
Its function is to filter red blood cell.
Thymus: Bilobed structure located at the front of the heart and behind the sternum.
Helps in development of t-lymphocytes, which are immune system cells.
Tonsils: Soft tissue masses pair, located at the back of the throat. Prevent throat
infection by catching and killing germs.
Lacteals: Located in the small intestine villi, its function is to absorb the fat from the
food.
Bone marrow: Located inside the bones. Produces lymphocytes.
P4: The effect of disorder on the lymphatic system and possible corrective treatments.
Disorders of the lymphatic system include:
Lymphadenitis: When infection leads to a swell of lymph nodes. Treatment includes
antibiotics, and, in some cases, lymphadenectomy is carried out. This is the surgical
removal of infected lymph nodes e.g. tonsils or adenoids.
Lymphedema: When tissue fluid cannot be completely drained from tissues due to
an obstruction of the lymph vessels. Causes could be tumours, obesity, hereditary
lymphedema, etc. There is currently no cure, but patients are advised to improve
symptoms by sleeping with their foot elevated, taking regular moderated exercise,
take diuretics. These are drugs that increase urination, resulting in a loss of body
fluid.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A cancerous disorder that develops in the lymphatic system
due to lymphocytes abnormally dividing or failing to die. This leads to a build-up of
lymph nodes which increase in size due to the tumours. Treatment includes,
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, etc.
Lymphatic Filariasis: Spread by mosquitoes. Caused by a Filarial worm infection, the
worms obstruct the lymph vessels. Adult worms only live in the lymph system.
Symptoms include, impairment of the lymphatic system, elephantiasis, which is a
1
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