Unit 12B
M:
Direct contact:
These diseases are transmitted from person to person. To prevent the spread of these
diseases the first step would be to avoid close contacts with those affected by the disease. If
you have come into contact with someone infected with a disease, for example you shake
an infected person’s hand, you should wash your hands afterwards with antibacterial soap
or use hand sanitizer to ensure that all the germs have been killed.
Droplet and Airborne:
To stop the spread of these diseases whether you are infected with them or not when you
sneeze or cough you should do so into a certain space for example into a tissue or the crook
of your arm. This stops the droplets from the sneezing/coughing from spreading further
(into the air for someone else to be infected). Another method of preventing airborne
disease is wearing a face covering to prohibit the entering of hazardous particles through
the nose or mouth.
Indirect contact:
To stop the spread of these diseases, if you are infected or someone close to you is infected
(e.g., in the same class) you should always sanitize the space you are working in or where
you have been with disinfectant or surface wipes. You should also wash your hands if you
and the infected person have touched the same objects/ surfaces to limit the possibility of
you catching the disease.
Vector:
These diseases are spread through insects. To stop the spread of these diseases you could
use preventative measures such as, using insect repellent spray or sleeping under a net to
prevent mosquitoes from landing on you. There are also insect repellent creams that go on
the skin.
Vehicle:
To prevent these diseases from spreading you could make sure you do not share food or
drinks with others who may be infected. Ensuring a clean water supply will stop the spread
through contaminated water.
, D2:
WHO is eliminating malaria?
Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. The parasite can be spread to humans
through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. If a mosquito bites a person
already infected with malaria, it can also become infected and spread the parasite on to
other people. However, malaria cannot be spread directly from person to person. Once
bitten, the parasite enters the bloodstream and travels to the liver. The infection develops in
the liver before re-entering the bloodstream and invading the red blood cells. Symptoms of
malaria are similar to the flu so sometimes they can be hard to identify as malaria. They
include a high temperature of 38C or above, feeling hot and shivery, headaches, vomiting,
muscle pains, etc. Malaria can be treated using antimalarials such as Mefloquine,
Doxycycline or a combination of Chloroquine and proguanil.
World Health Organization (WHO):
WHO is an organisation dedicated to improving people’s health all over the world. They
have founded many programmes to combat various diseases, including malaria. The WHO
Global Malaria Programme (GMP) is responsible for coordinating WHO's global efforts to
control and eliminate malaria. Its work is guided by the "Global technical strategy for
malaria 2016–2030" adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015.
Case management:
Diagnosis:
Patients thought to have malaria are all given diagnostic tests either by microscopy or rapid
diagnostic tests (RDTs) before they are given treatment. WHO ensures early and accurate
diagnosis of malaria which is important for effective management of the disease and for
strong malaria surveillance.
Effectivity of diagnosis:
The World Health Organization’s diagnosing system for malaria is extremely effective as
early diagnosis significantly reduces illness and death by enabling health providers to
accurately distinguish between malarial and non-malarial fevers and choose the most
effective treatment. This improves the management of patients with feverish symptoms and
can also prevent drug resistance from developing and spreading. Health care providers at
WHO are instructed to only give antimalarial treatment to patients who test positive and
those who test negative are assessed for other causes of fever. This ensures all resources to
treat malaria are being used only when necessary so there is no shortage or waste.
Treatment:
The main goal of treatment is to cure the infection by ensuring that all Plasmodium
parasites are removed from a patient’s bloodstream as quickly as possible. This also
prevents simple cases of malaria from developing into a more serious stage or even death.
Furthermore, from a public health perspective, effective treatment reduces the infectious
M:
Direct contact:
These diseases are transmitted from person to person. To prevent the spread of these
diseases the first step would be to avoid close contacts with those affected by the disease. If
you have come into contact with someone infected with a disease, for example you shake
an infected person’s hand, you should wash your hands afterwards with antibacterial soap
or use hand sanitizer to ensure that all the germs have been killed.
Droplet and Airborne:
To stop the spread of these diseases whether you are infected with them or not when you
sneeze or cough you should do so into a certain space for example into a tissue or the crook
of your arm. This stops the droplets from the sneezing/coughing from spreading further
(into the air for someone else to be infected). Another method of preventing airborne
disease is wearing a face covering to prohibit the entering of hazardous particles through
the nose or mouth.
Indirect contact:
To stop the spread of these diseases, if you are infected or someone close to you is infected
(e.g., in the same class) you should always sanitize the space you are working in or where
you have been with disinfectant or surface wipes. You should also wash your hands if you
and the infected person have touched the same objects/ surfaces to limit the possibility of
you catching the disease.
Vector:
These diseases are spread through insects. To stop the spread of these diseases you could
use preventative measures such as, using insect repellent spray or sleeping under a net to
prevent mosquitoes from landing on you. There are also insect repellent creams that go on
the skin.
Vehicle:
To prevent these diseases from spreading you could make sure you do not share food or
drinks with others who may be infected. Ensuring a clean water supply will stop the spread
through contaminated water.
, D2:
WHO is eliminating malaria?
Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. The parasite can be spread to humans
through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. If a mosquito bites a person
already infected with malaria, it can also become infected and spread the parasite on to
other people. However, malaria cannot be spread directly from person to person. Once
bitten, the parasite enters the bloodstream and travels to the liver. The infection develops in
the liver before re-entering the bloodstream and invading the red blood cells. Symptoms of
malaria are similar to the flu so sometimes they can be hard to identify as malaria. They
include a high temperature of 38C or above, feeling hot and shivery, headaches, vomiting,
muscle pains, etc. Malaria can be treated using antimalarials such as Mefloquine,
Doxycycline or a combination of Chloroquine and proguanil.
World Health Organization (WHO):
WHO is an organisation dedicated to improving people’s health all over the world. They
have founded many programmes to combat various diseases, including malaria. The WHO
Global Malaria Programme (GMP) is responsible for coordinating WHO's global efforts to
control and eliminate malaria. Its work is guided by the "Global technical strategy for
malaria 2016–2030" adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015.
Case management:
Diagnosis:
Patients thought to have malaria are all given diagnostic tests either by microscopy or rapid
diagnostic tests (RDTs) before they are given treatment. WHO ensures early and accurate
diagnosis of malaria which is important for effective management of the disease and for
strong malaria surveillance.
Effectivity of diagnosis:
The World Health Organization’s diagnosing system for malaria is extremely effective as
early diagnosis significantly reduces illness and death by enabling health providers to
accurately distinguish between malarial and non-malarial fevers and choose the most
effective treatment. This improves the management of patients with feverish symptoms and
can also prevent drug resistance from developing and spreading. Health care providers at
WHO are instructed to only give antimalarial treatment to patients who test positive and
those who test negative are assessed for other causes of fever. This ensures all resources to
treat malaria are being used only when necessary so there is no shortage or waste.
Treatment:
The main goal of treatment is to cure the infection by ensuring that all Plasmodium
parasites are removed from a patient’s bloodstream as quickly as possible. This also
prevents simple cases of malaria from developing into a more serious stage or even death.
Furthermore, from a public health perspective, effective treatment reduces the infectious
