science 11:Unit 8- Assignment AMusculoskeletal system

Unit 8- Assignment A- Musculoskeletal system Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton (University of Manchester) lOMoARcPSD| BTEC Applied Science Unit 8: Musculoskeletal System Assignment 1 lOMoARcPSD| Table of Contents A. P1 - Explain the functional role of the musculoskeletal system in the human body...................3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 A. P2 - Describe the effect of disorder of muscles and joints and possible corrective treatment(s). ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 A. M1 - Compare how disorders of the musculoskeletal system can affect how muscles bring about movement of joints and the importance of corrective treatment..................................21 D1 Evaluate the effect of corrective treatment(s) associated with a musculoskeletal disorder34 Bibliography:................................................................................................................................... 39 2 lOMoARcPSD| A. P1 - Explain the functional role of the musculoskeletal system in the human body. Introduction: The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability and movement to the human body. It consists of the body's bones (which make up the skeleton), muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage and other connective tissue. The term "connective tissue" is used to describe the tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. Its chief components are collagen and elastic fibres, which are composed of different proteins. The bones of the skeletal system serve to protect the body's organs, support the weight of the body and give the body shape. The muscles of the muscular system attach to these bones, pulling on them to allow for movement of the body. The human skeleton: The skeleton consists of the bones of the body. For adults, there are 206 bones in the skeleton. Younger individuals have higher numbers of bones because some bones fuse together during childhood and adolescence to form an adult bone. The primary functions of the skeleton are to provide a rigid, internal structure that can support the weight of the body against the force of gravity and to provide a structure upon which muscles can act to produce movements of the body. The lower portion of the skeleton is specialised for stability during walking or running. In contrast, the upper skeleton has greater mobility, ranges of motion and features that allow you to lift and carry objects. In addition to providing for support and movements of the body, the skeleton has protective and storage functions. It protects the internal organs, including the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs and pelvic organs. The bones of the skeleton serve as the primary storage site for important minerals such as calcium and phosphate. The bone marrow found within bones stores fat and houses the blood-cell producing tissue of the body. The human skeleton is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. Figure 1: