LME3701 Assignment 2 (Research Proposal) Semester 1 2023 (678669)

1. S-R classical conditioning 2. R-S operant conditioning 3. Starting from bottom left and going up, what are the OUTSIDE la- bels for operant con- tingencies 4. Starting from the bot- tom left and going up, what are the INSIDE la- bels for operant con- tingencies 5. What is positive rein- forcement? 6. What are examples of positive reinforce- ment? removal, application, appetitive, aversive Omission training, positive reinforcement, punish- ment, negative reinforcement adding/giving something to increase likelihood that behavior will be repeated praise, paycheck, rewards, etc. 7. What is punishment? The adding of a stimulus following a response, which decreases the likelihood of that response being re- peated. 8. What are examples of punishment? 9. What is omission training? 10. What are examples of omission training? 11. What is negative rein- forcement? Getting a ticket for speeding, being reprimanded for using your phone in class, etc. removal of a positive stimulus Getting your phone taken away after talking back to your parents, getting your license taken away after too many speeding tickets, etc. removing negative stimulus to increase likelihood of behavior being repeated 12. What are examples of negative reinforce- ment? 13. Starting from bottom left and going up, what are the OUTSIDE la- bels for the matrix of schedules? 14. Starting from bottom left and going up, what are the INSIDE la- bels for the matrix of schedules? 15. What is a fixed ratio schedule? 16. What is an example of a fixed ratio schedule? 17. What is a fixed interval schedule? 18. What is an example of a fixed interval sched- ule? 19. What is a variable ratio schedule? 20. What is an example of a variable ratio sched- ule? 21. What is a variable in- terval schedule? Seatbelt buzzer, phone to take away boredom, etc. Variable (unknown), Fixed (set), Ratio, interval VR, FR, FI, VI There is a set number of behaviors Buy one get one free deals, vending machines There is a set amount of time that passes for the behavior Paycheck on same day each week, birthday on same day each year There is an unknown amount of behaviors Slot machines, gambling There is an unknown amount of time passing before a behavior 22. Pop quizzes What is an example of a variable interval schedule? 23. what is shaping in op- The reinforcement of closer and closer approxima- erant conditioning? tions of a desired response. 24. What is intrinsic moti- motivation by internal factors/ desires vation? 25. What are examples of hobbies intrinsic motivation? 26. characteristics of in- non instrumental, end in itself trinsic motivation 27. Pros of intrinsic moti- more effective, pride, positivity, better understanding vation 28. What is extrinsic moti- motivation by external factors or rewards vation? 29. Examples of extrinsic -coach feedback motivation -crowds -money, sponsorship -fame -medals trophies 30. What is the saying we "Do this in order to get that" learned for extrinsic motivation? 31. What are the four cate- External regulation, introjected regulation, identified gories we broke down regulation, integrated regulation motivation into 32. What is external regu- Behaviors performed to satisfy external demand or lation? reward 33. money, trophies, fines Examples of external regulation 34. What is introjected regulation? 35. Example of introjected regulation 36. What is identified reg- ulation? 37. Example of identified regulation 38. What is integrated reg- ulation? 39. Example of integrated regulation? 40. What is the connec- tion between interest and knowledge? 41. what is a physiologi- cal need? Motivated out of guilt and the "tyranny of shoulds", done for your ego or pride guilt Activity participation is linked to important and val- ued goals recycling because it is for the general good Part of who you are, core beliefs "I am an exerciser, this is what I do", recycling be- cause it is who you are They enhance one another a basic bodily requirement (food, water, etc) 42. What is a need? any condition within the person that is essential and necessary for life, growth, and well-being 43. what is a psychologi- cal need? An inherent source of motivation that generates the desire to interact with the environment so as to advance personal growth, social development, and psychological well-being. 44. Autonomy When our interests, preferences, and wants guide our decision-making process to engage or not to engage in a particular activity. 45. What are the three parts of autonomy? 46. What is perceived choice over one's ac- tions? 47. Does autonomy equal choice? internal perceived locus of causality, volition, and perceived choice over one's actions Refers to the sense of choice we experience when we find ourselves in environments that provide us with decision-making flexibility that affords us many opportunities from which to choose. No 48. What is competence? a psychological need to be effective in interactions with the environment and it reflects the desire to exercise one's capacities and skills and in doing so to seek out and master optimal challenges 49. What is relatedness? psychological need to establish close emotional bonds and attachments with other people 50. What is an exchange relationship? 51. What is a communal relationship? 52. Why is there inher- ent tension related- ness and autonomy? those between acquaintances or people who do business together those between persons who care about the welfare of the other You have to give up some of your choices