Musculoskeletal disorders
2022
Musculoskeletal disorders
UNIT 8 ASSIGNMENT A
PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
,Table of Contents
Skeletal system ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
What are the functions of each part of the skeletal system? ....................................................................................... 3
Mineral ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Hormones.................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Bone composition ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Compact bone and spongy bone .............................................................................................................................. 6
Bone marrow ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Type of bones ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Ligaments and tendons ................................................................................................................................................. 9
What is a joint ? ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
There are six types of joints movements: ............................................................................................................... 11
What are the main part of musculoskeletal system? ..................................................................................................... 14
Muscle groups ............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Muscle fibres ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
How do muscle contract ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Slow and fast twitch muscle fibres ............................................................................................................................. 17
Hypermobility ................................................................................................................................................................. 19
What is it? ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
How is living with hypermobility:................................................................................................................................ 20
Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Cost of it ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21
New treatment............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis ........................................................................................................................ 21
What is it? ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
How is living with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis:........................................................................................ 23
Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Cost of it ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24
New treatment............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Hip dysplasia ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
What is it? ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
1|Page
, Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
How is living with hip dysplasia .................................................................................................................................. 26
Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Cost of it ...................................................................................................................................................................... 27
New treatment............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
OVERVIEW OF THE DISORDERS ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................... 27
2|Page
, Skeletal system
What are the functions of each part of the skeletal system?
Skeletal system (also called musculoskeletal system) consist of bones and connective tissue, cartilage, tendons, and
ligaments.
1) How does it contribute to the effective functioning of the whole system?
• Support- the human skeleton supports the body weight to help you stand, from the force of gravity.
• Protection- there are three main parts of the skeleton that protects your organs: the cranium protects your
brain the vertebral column protects your spinal cord, and the rib cage protects your heart, lungs, and liver.
• Attachment for skeletal muscle- the skeleton provides areas for attachment of the tendons of skeletal muscle.
• Storing minerals- bones stores minerals such as calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus.
• Producing blood cells- inside of red marrow of some bone differentiate into the different types of blood cells.
• Maintaining mineral homeostasis- the release or absorption of calcium ions helps maintain the mineral
content of blood, muscle, and other body fluids in balance.
An adult human skeleton is composed of 206 bones, divided in two main parts:
• Axial skeleton (skull, backbone, and rib cage)
• Appendicular skeleton (limbs and limb girdles)
3|Page
2022
Musculoskeletal disorders
UNIT 8 ASSIGNMENT A
PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
,Table of Contents
Skeletal system ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
What are the functions of each part of the skeletal system? ....................................................................................... 3
Mineral ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Hormones.................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Bone composition ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Compact bone and spongy bone .............................................................................................................................. 6
Bone marrow ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Type of bones ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Ligaments and tendons ................................................................................................................................................. 9
What is a joint ? ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
There are six types of joints movements: ............................................................................................................... 11
What are the main part of musculoskeletal system? ..................................................................................................... 14
Muscle groups ............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Muscle fibres ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
How do muscle contract ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Slow and fast twitch muscle fibres ............................................................................................................................. 17
Hypermobility ................................................................................................................................................................. 19
What is it? ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
How is living with hypermobility:................................................................................................................................ 20
Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Cost of it ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21
New treatment............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis ........................................................................................................................ 21
What is it? ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
How is living with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis:........................................................................................ 23
Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Cost of it ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24
New treatment............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Hip dysplasia ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
What is it? ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
1|Page
, Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
How is living with hip dysplasia .................................................................................................................................. 26
Treatment ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Cost of it ...................................................................................................................................................................... 27
New treatment............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
OVERVIEW OF THE DISORDERS ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................... 27
2|Page
, Skeletal system
What are the functions of each part of the skeletal system?
Skeletal system (also called musculoskeletal system) consist of bones and connective tissue, cartilage, tendons, and
ligaments.
1) How does it contribute to the effective functioning of the whole system?
• Support- the human skeleton supports the body weight to help you stand, from the force of gravity.
• Protection- there are three main parts of the skeleton that protects your organs: the cranium protects your
brain the vertebral column protects your spinal cord, and the rib cage protects your heart, lungs, and liver.
• Attachment for skeletal muscle- the skeleton provides areas for attachment of the tendons of skeletal muscle.
• Storing minerals- bones stores minerals such as calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus.
• Producing blood cells- inside of red marrow of some bone differentiate into the different types of blood cells.
• Maintaining mineral homeostasis- the release or absorption of calcium ions helps maintain the mineral
content of blood, muscle, and other body fluids in balance.
An adult human skeleton is composed of 206 bones, divided in two main parts:
• Axial skeleton (skull, backbone, and rib cage)
• Appendicular skeleton (limbs and limb girdles)
3|Page
