Cbohydrates
Notes
Joining smaller molecules to make bigger molecules is always done by condensation reaction which
: produces water
Breaking big molecules into smaller molecules is always done by hydrolysis which requires water
•
The carbohydrate general formula is :( ✗ ( 1-120 )y
I
Polysaccharides
↳
Large molecules formed from many monosaccharides
2
Monosaccharides
↳
Simple sugars with the general formula: ( CHZO )n where n = 3-7
3
Disaccharides
↳
Double sugars formed from two monosaccharides
Glucose
•
( 61-11206 is a hextose sugar
Main energy source for most cells
: Very soluble; main form carbohydrates are transported
( 1-1201-1 611-12011 •
CHZOH
c.
" 641-12011
si - si °
ji
-
" " -
"
\
"
"
/ i
\ ,
HyH Ht, ,
OH
tou H C1 dy C1 Cu C1 C
"
de
it / \o/ \?
µ " "
↑ /µ Ii %
"
iii. i Ii"
" ' '
/ on ' '
i
"
"
""
01-10-42
gig OH
'
H
¥ OH
,
µ
OH
↑ OH
Alpha glucose Beta glucose Glycosidic bond
2
A 1-4 glycosidic bond produces long straight chains
A 1-6 bond creates branches
: Starch
Consists of two polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin
a-
I
Amylose has a compact o
Amylopectin has lots of branches of
helical structure with no the fast energy release
branches. It stores a lot of
energy in a small space
Notes
Joining smaller molecules to make bigger molecules is always done by condensation reaction which
: produces water
Breaking big molecules into smaller molecules is always done by hydrolysis which requires water
•
The carbohydrate general formula is :( ✗ ( 1-120 )y
I
Polysaccharides
↳
Large molecules formed from many monosaccharides
2
Monosaccharides
↳
Simple sugars with the general formula: ( CHZO )n where n = 3-7
3
Disaccharides
↳
Double sugars formed from two monosaccharides
Glucose
•
( 61-11206 is a hextose sugar
Main energy source for most cells
: Very soluble; main form carbohydrates are transported
( 1-1201-1 611-12011 •
CHZOH
c.
" 641-12011
si - si °
ji
-
" " -
"
\
"
"
/ i
\ ,
HyH Ht, ,
OH
tou H C1 dy C1 Cu C1 C
"
de
it / \o/ \?
µ " "
↑ /µ Ii %
"
iii. i Ii"
" ' '
/ on ' '
i
"
"
""
01-10-42
gig OH
'
H
¥ OH
,
µ
OH
↑ OH
Alpha glucose Beta glucose Glycosidic bond
2
A 1-4 glycosidic bond produces long straight chains
A 1-6 bond creates branches
: Starch
Consists of two polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin
a-
I
Amylose has a compact o
Amylopectin has lots of branches of
helical structure with no the fast energy release
branches. It stores a lot of
energy in a small space
