CSTR Exam Study Guide Part 1 Rated A+

CSTR Exam Study Guide Part 1 Rated A+ Acetabulum Bones Ilium, Ischium and Pubis Head Anatomy Frontal Bone, Temporal Bone(x2), Occipital Bone, Parietal Bone(x2),Ethmoid Bone,Sphenoid Bone Average Adult Brain Weighs 3lbs and has 500ml of CSF. Neck Anatomy 7 Cervical Vertebrae: Trachea, Esophagus, Larynx, Pharynx, and Hyoid Bone Spine Anatomy 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacrum-fused, Coccyx-2,3,or 4-also fused Vertebrae Parts Vertebral body, Spinous process,Transverse process,Pedicle,Foramen,Lamina,Articular processes (superior & inferior) c1=atlas c2=axis Skin 8lbs for an Adult, 3 Layers: Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis Meninges Membranes covering the brain and spinal cord Facial Bones Orbits, Nasal Bones, Maxillae, Mandible, Palatine, Vomer Upper Extremity Joints Sternoclavicular (Elbow), Acromioclavicular (Wrist), Glenohumeral (Hand) Upper Extremity Arteries Subclavian, Axillary, Brachial, Radial, and Ulna Upper Extremity Nerves Brachial Plexus, Median, Radial, and Ulna What are the bones of the sternum? Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process Hyoid bone is located where? Neck Gallbladder is located in what abdominal quadrant? Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Shoulder girdle parts Scapula, Clavicle Humerus Median Epicondyle, Lateral Epicondyle (end of humerus), Capitulum, Trochlea, Coronoid Fossa, Deltoid Tuberosity, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Head of Humerus, Neck of Humerus Ulna Olecranon Process (elbow), Coronoid Process, Ulnar Tuberosity, Styloid Process (distal end) Radius Styloid Process at Distal End Foot Bones Tarsal bones (x7), Calcaneus (heel bone), Talus, Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiform 1st 2nd & 3rd, Metatarsals, Phalanges How many bones in the human body? 206 bones (could be up to 226 bones, 5 liters of blood in the average adult male of 75kg) Where is the Xiphoid Process located? In the chest, where the lower ribs attach to the breastbone. Which nerve results in the loss of smell? Olfactory Which nerve results in facial loss and taste? Facial Base of the skull in which the spinal cord passes? Foramen Magnum Bones of the skull Temporal (x2) Occipital. Frontal. Ethmoid. Sphenoid. Parietal (x2) What are the 3 parts of the Temporal Bone? Mastoid, Squamous and Petrous The Hamate bone is a triangular bone located where? a. Carpals b. Phalanges c. Metacarpals c. Metacarpals Facial bones Orbits, Nasal bones, Maxillae, Mandiblem Palatine, Vomer Cervical Spine 7 vertebrae: C1-atlas, C2-axis: responsible for assisting with movement of the head, If spinal cord injured at this level (c1-c2) patient will typically become a quadriplegic. Thoracic Spine Contains 12 vertebrae, T1-T12 (if spinal cord injured here, patient typically becomes a paraplegia) Lumbar Spine Contains 5 vertebrae, L1-L5, Spinal cord ends L1 to L2 level Sacral Spine Contains 5 fused vertebrae, S1-S5, Joins with the pelvic bones Coccyx 3-5 very small fused bones, Tail bone Thoracic Bone Structures Spinal column, Ribs, Clavicles, Scapulae (if this bone is fractured, be suspicious for lung contusion), Sternum, Xiphoid process (tip of the sternum) Thoracic Muscular Structures Diaphragm-muscle separating the chest and its contents from abdomen and its contents, Intercostal-assists in breathing Thoracic Organs lungs,heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus glands Abdomen and Pelvis Bones Lumbar Spine and Pelvic Bones Abdominal Muscle Structures Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique,Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis Abdominal Organs-Solid Viscus More susceptible to fracture Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Kidneys Abdominal Organs-Hollow Viscus More susceptible to rupture Stomach,Small Bowel, Large Bowel, Bladder Abdominal Organ Structures Esophagus,Stomach, Small Bowel (duodenum, jejunum,ileum), Biliary Tree (liver,gallbladder, pancreas,bile ducts), Spleen (heavily vascularized, can fracture or rupture), Colon (ascending, transverse, descending, appendix, sigmoid, rectum, anus), Kidneys, Adrenals (rest on top of the kidneys), Ureters-tubes, Bladder, Urethra Reproductive System Structures-Female Ovaries,Fallopian tubes,Uterus,Cervix,Vagina,Vulva Reproductive System Structures-Male Scrotum,Testes,Vas Deferens,Prostate,Urethra,Penis Abdominal Quadrants-RUQ Liver,Gallbladder,RT Kidney Abdominal Quadrants-RLQ Intestines Abdominal Quadrants-LUQ Spleen,Stomach,Pancreas,LT Kidney Abdominal Quadrants-LLQ Intestines Abdominal Vascular Structures Aorta-descending, Mesentery Arteries-superior and inferior (help feed the GI contents), Renal Arteries, Iliac Arteries (external and internal),Vena cava (iliac,renal,hepatic), Portal system (mesenteric, splenic) Pelvic Bones Ilium,Ischium,Pubis,Acetabulum,Symphysis Pubis,Sacroiliac Joint Upper Extremity Bones Humerus,Radius/Ulna,Carpals/Metacarpals/Phalanges Lower Extremity Bones Femur,Patella,Tibia,Fibula,Calcaneus,Talus/Navicular,Cuneiform/Cuboid,Metatarsals,Phalanges Lower Extremity Arteries External Iliac, Femoral,Popliteal,Dorsallis Pedis,Posterior Tibial Lower Extremity Nerves Sciatic,Anterior Tibial,Femoral,Peroneal Skin and Soft Tissue Anatomy Skin (epidermis,dermis,subcutaneous tissue), Muscle,Tendon Temporal Lobe Cerebrum-An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information The lower are bones are the? Radius and Ulna Anterior front of the body Posterior toward the back Proximal Closer to the point of attachment Distal away from the point of attachment Inferior away from the head (below) Superior Higher on the body,nearer to the head Medial Toward the mid line of the body Lateral Away from the mid line of the body Supine Lying on the back Prone Lying face down Duodenum first part of the small intestine Hyoid Bone U-Shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles Xiphoid process lower,narrow portion of the sternum Cystic Duct Carries bile to and from the gallbladder Lumbar vertebrae L1-L5 Cervical vertebrae C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) the 12 bones of the vertebral column (midspine) Sacral spine S1-S5 (back wall of the pelvis) Coccyx vertebrae 4 vertebrae that make up the tail bone Where is the inferior vena cava primarily located? Abdomen Cranial Nerve I Olfactory - smell Cranial Nerve II Optic - vision Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor - Pupil, some extraocular movement Cranial Nerve IV Trochlear - Extraocular movements Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal - Some movement of jaw, sensation Cranial Nerve VI Abducens - Lateral extraocular movement Cranial Nerve VII Facial - facial muscle movement,taste Cranial Nerve VIII Acustic - hearing and balance Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal - Pharynx (motor,ear/pharynx/tongue sensory) Cranial Nerve X Vagus - Palate,larynx,pharynx,involuntary muscles Cranial Nerve XI Accessory (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles) Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal Hypoglossal - movement of tongue What makes up the Neurologic System? Brain, Spical Cord, Nerves What makes up the respiratory system? Trachea,Lungs,Diaphragm What makes up the Circulatory System? Heart,Arteries,Veins What makes up the digestive system? Esophagus,Stomach,Bowels What makes up the Urinary System? Kidneys,Ureters,Bladder,Urethra What makes up the Musculoskeletal System? Bones,Muscles,Tendons What are the bones of the Skull? Frontal, Parietal x2, Temporal x2, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid Why are the skull bones there? Important landmarks, Cover the corresponding lobes of the brain,protection, take a tremendous force to injure;when broken,need to look at what else might be injuried What is the largest vertebra? C2 Where does the spinal cord end? L1-L2 What bones are in the thorax? Spinal Column, Ribs, Clavicles,Sternum,Xiphoid What muscles are in the thorax? Diaphargm, Intercostals What are the thoracic organs? Trachea,Bronchus,Lungs,Heart What is the thoracic vasculature? Aorta, Pulmonary Arteries, Pulmonary Veins, Vena Cava, Superior, Inferior What bones are in the abdomen? Bottom of rib cage, Lumbar spine, Pelvic bones What muscles are in the abdomen? Rectus Abdominis,External Oblique,Internal Oblique,Transverse Abdominus What are the solid abdominal organs? Liver,Spleen,Pancreas,Kidneys (more susceptible to fracture) What are the hollow organs of the abdomen? Stomach,Small Bowel,Large Bowel,Bladder (more susceptible to rupture) What are the abdominal vascular structures? Descending Aorta,Mesentery Arteries (Superior,Inferior),Renal Arteries,Iliac Arteries (External, Internal), Vena Cava (Iliac, Renal,Hepatic),Portal System (Mesenteric, Splenic) What are the upper extremity bones? Humerus, Radius & Ulna, Carpals & Metacarpals, Phalanges Lower Extremity Joints Sacroiliac, Hip, Knee, Tibiofibular (Superior), Tibiofibular Epicondoyle (Inferior), Joints of the Foot Lower extremity Nerves Sciatis,Femoral,Peroneal, Anterior Tibial Lower Extremity Veins External Iliac,Femoral, Popliteal, Dorsalis Pedis, Posterior Tibial