PATHOPHYSI NR283/Patho Exam 2 2023& study guide with complete solution

Patho Exam 2 Integumentary system  SKIN- largest organ, 20% of body weight  ACCESSORIES 1. hair 3. Gland 2. nails  1. PROTECTION 2. TEMPERATURE REGULATION 3. PROTECT AGAINST MICROOGRANISM 4. LOSS OF BODY FLUIDS 5. STRESS OF MECHANICAL FORCES 6. PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D 7. IMMUNE SURVEILLENCE 8. PLEASUREABLE SENSATION  EPIDERMIS Layers 1. superficial outer layer 4. stratum spinosum 2. stratum corneum 5. stratum germinativum 3. stratum lucidum 6. Stratum basale  Keratinocytes- keratin  Melanocytes- melanin * Vitiligo- autoimmune related loss of melanocytes; depigmentation of patches of skin  Langerhan cells- present processed antigen to T- cells  Merkel cells- function as slowly adapting mechoreceptors  DERMIS 1. deeper layer, true skin 2. collagen, elastin, reticulum, and a gel-like ground substance 3. hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves 4. Fibroblast- secrete collagen 5. mast cells- release histamine 6. macrophages- phagocytic immune cells * Histocytes- loose connective tissue; phagocytize pigments and debris of inflammation  SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER 1. fat cell or adipocytes and connective tissue 2. dermal collagen is continuous w/ the subcutaneous collagen 3. macrophages, fibroblast, fat cells, nerves, fine muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics, and hair root follicles  DERMAL APPENDAGES 1. h