Britain: Migration, Empires & the People
Question 4: Essay Question [16 (+4) marks; 20 minutes]
Recurring Question 1: Migration
PLAN: Main Cause of People Migration From & Within Britain.
Economic Colonists travelling to the Americas: many were motivated by the idea of owning plantations or
Reasons finding gold.
In Jamestown, many worked to grow tobacco, & this encouraged other such as the Irish
‘indentured servants’ to make the journey in hope of making money.
1846 - Irish Potato Famine: A disease called ‘potato blight’ ruined the Irish potato harvest,
causing many people to starve.
Statistics: - Around 1 million [1/8th of the population] died, either from starvation or illness.
- Over 1 ½ million left their homeland in the 1840s and 1850s.
- By 1861, there were around 600,000 Irish-born people in Britain.
- By 2001, around 6 million people in England had Irish parents or grandparents.
War After the Great Heathen Army invaded, many Anglo-Saxons would have migrated across England
to try &stay as part of remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, such as Mercia. Many were unwilling to
live under the Viking heathen rule.
Jewish Migration: As a result of the Nazi ideology, many thousands of Jews were discriminated
against [1935 Nuremberg Laws], relentlessly persecuted [1938 Kristallnacht], and sent to
concentration camps - and later death camps - such as Auschwitz [1942 Wannsee Conference where
the ‘Final Solution’ was decided].
Statistics: - Around 70,000 Jews migrated to Britain by the start of WWII.
- An additional 10,000 Jews made it to Britain during the war.
- Between 1933 and 1938, around 25,000 German Jews fled Nazi Germany to
sanctuary in Poland – but the Nazis didn’t take long to invade Poland.
Cyprus: Cyprus had become a British colony after World War One. The island contained people
from Greece and Turkey, and there was a lot of tension on the island between the two communities.
Thousands fled the country due to violence to start a new life in Britain.
1960: The island became an independent country.
1970: Turkey invaded and island was divided in 2, causing another wave of migration to Britain.
Statistics: - In total, around 70,000 people left Cyprus to move to Britain.
WWII: WWII and its aftermath saw many people migrating to Britain from all over the world.
West Indies: During the war, thousands had moved to Britain to help with war effort, but most
returned home after the war ended. From 1948-970, a new wave of immigration from colonies such
as Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago were encouraged to come, and around ½ million
came due to unemployment and poverty at home.
Religion Huguenots: France had a religious reformation in the mid-1500s, &in the years that followed, there
were divisions between the [majority] Catholics &the [Huguenot] Protestants.
August 1572- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre: An estimated 3000 Protestants were murdered
in Paris &as many as 70,000 throughout France. It started because Catholics believed that
Protestants were plotting rebellion &war with Spain.
1589 Edict of Nantes: French King Henri IV issued a bill of rights granting the Huguenots freedom
to practise their religion without fear.
1685: King Louis XIV, Henri’s grandson, tore up the Edict of Nantes: Huguenots were now
officially heretics &faced persecution once more.
Statistics: During the second period of migration, despite a ban on fleeing the country, up to
200,000 Huguenots fled, 40 to 50,000 of whom escaped to nearby Protestant England.
1607 - Ulster Plantations: King James I of England [&VI of Scotland] planted loyal Protestants
from Scotland & England &in Ireland in an attempt to replace Catholic population, promote
Protestantism, & bring it under British control.
Many Protestants moved because they believed it was their religious duty to help convert the local
Irish Catholics, &while they did also have an economic reason [they were given l&&hoped to find
Question 4: Essay Question [16 (+4) marks; 20 minutes]
Recurring Question 1: Migration
PLAN: Main Cause of People Migration From & Within Britain.
Economic Colonists travelling to the Americas: many were motivated by the idea of owning plantations or
Reasons finding gold.
In Jamestown, many worked to grow tobacco, & this encouraged other such as the Irish
‘indentured servants’ to make the journey in hope of making money.
1846 - Irish Potato Famine: A disease called ‘potato blight’ ruined the Irish potato harvest,
causing many people to starve.
Statistics: - Around 1 million [1/8th of the population] died, either from starvation or illness.
- Over 1 ½ million left their homeland in the 1840s and 1850s.
- By 1861, there were around 600,000 Irish-born people in Britain.
- By 2001, around 6 million people in England had Irish parents or grandparents.
War After the Great Heathen Army invaded, many Anglo-Saxons would have migrated across England
to try &stay as part of remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, such as Mercia. Many were unwilling to
live under the Viking heathen rule.
Jewish Migration: As a result of the Nazi ideology, many thousands of Jews were discriminated
against [1935 Nuremberg Laws], relentlessly persecuted [1938 Kristallnacht], and sent to
concentration camps - and later death camps - such as Auschwitz [1942 Wannsee Conference where
the ‘Final Solution’ was decided].
Statistics: - Around 70,000 Jews migrated to Britain by the start of WWII.
- An additional 10,000 Jews made it to Britain during the war.
- Between 1933 and 1938, around 25,000 German Jews fled Nazi Germany to
sanctuary in Poland – but the Nazis didn’t take long to invade Poland.
Cyprus: Cyprus had become a British colony after World War One. The island contained people
from Greece and Turkey, and there was a lot of tension on the island between the two communities.
Thousands fled the country due to violence to start a new life in Britain.
1960: The island became an independent country.
1970: Turkey invaded and island was divided in 2, causing another wave of migration to Britain.
Statistics: - In total, around 70,000 people left Cyprus to move to Britain.
WWII: WWII and its aftermath saw many people migrating to Britain from all over the world.
West Indies: During the war, thousands had moved to Britain to help with war effort, but most
returned home after the war ended. From 1948-970, a new wave of immigration from colonies such
as Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago were encouraged to come, and around ½ million
came due to unemployment and poverty at home.
Religion Huguenots: France had a religious reformation in the mid-1500s, &in the years that followed, there
were divisions between the [majority] Catholics &the [Huguenot] Protestants.
August 1572- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre: An estimated 3000 Protestants were murdered
in Paris &as many as 70,000 throughout France. It started because Catholics believed that
Protestants were plotting rebellion &war with Spain.
1589 Edict of Nantes: French King Henri IV issued a bill of rights granting the Huguenots freedom
to practise their religion without fear.
1685: King Louis XIV, Henri’s grandson, tore up the Edict of Nantes: Huguenots were now
officially heretics &faced persecution once more.
Statistics: During the second period of migration, despite a ban on fleeing the country, up to
200,000 Huguenots fled, 40 to 50,000 of whom escaped to nearby Protestant England.
1607 - Ulster Plantations: King James I of England [&VI of Scotland] planted loyal Protestants
from Scotland & England &in Ireland in an attempt to replace Catholic population, promote
Protestantism, & bring it under British control.
Many Protestants moved because they believed it was their religious duty to help convert the local
Irish Catholics, &while they did also have an economic reason [they were given l&&hoped to find
