RN NCLEX – Review questions with complete solutions

-pril ACE inhibitor -sartan ARBs -lol Beta blockers -pine Calcium channel blockers Placenta previa Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus **Sudden bright red and PAINLESS bleeding Placenta abruptio Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus **Sudden PAINFUL, dark red vaginal bleeding with a rigid abdomen Nonstress test (NST) Reactive = good **2 or more fetal heart rate accelerations of 15 bpm lasting 15 seconds over a 20 minute period with return to baseline Contraction stress test (CST) Positive = bad **Late decelerations with more than 50% of contractions Signs of True Labor: 1. Cervix progressively effaced and dilated 2. Contractions are regular with increasing frequency, duration, and intensity 3. Discomfort radiates from back around the abdomen 4. Contractions do not decrease with rest Signs of False Labor (Braxton Hicks): 1. No cervical changes 2. Contractions are irregular with no change in frequency, duration, or intensity 3. Discomfort is usually abdominal 4. Contractions may lessen with activity or rest First stage of labor Beginning of labor --> complete cervical dilation Phase 1: Latent phase (first stage of labor) Cervix dilated: 0-3 cm **Contractions every 5 to 30 minutes lasting 15 to 30 seconds Phase 2: Active phase (first stage of labor) Cervix dilated: 4-7 cm **Contractions every 3 to 5 minutes lasting 30 to 60 seconds Phase 3: Transition phase (first stage of labor) Cervix dilated: 8-10 cm **Contraction every 2 to 3 minutes lasting 60 to 90 seconds Second stage of labor Complete dilation --> to delivery of baby Third stage of labor Placental delivery Fourth stage of labor First 4 hours postpartum Variable decelerations of FHR is caused by: Cord compression **MOVE MOVE Early decelerations of FHR is caused by: Head compression **Investigate the cause Accelerations of FHR means what: This is optimal **Nothing should be done Late decelerations of FHR is caused by: Placental insufficiency **EMERGENCY -Stop Pitocin -Give oxygen -Give fluid -Reposition mom -Possible C-section For an Apgar score to be considered "good" it must be between what range?