POLITICAL AND CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY: PREJUDICE
THEORIES:
Minimal groups theory: Developed by social psychologist Henri
Tajfel, this theory suggests that even minimal categorization into
groups (e.g., based on a trivial characteristic such as shirt color) can
lead to ingroup favoritism and outgroup prejudice. People tend to
perceive their ingroup as superior and allocate more resources to
their own group.
Contact hypothesis: Developed by Gordon Allport, this theory
suggests that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice if certain
conditions are met, such as equal status, common goals, and
cooperation. Through positive interactions, people can learn about
and appreciate different groups, leading to reduced prejudice.
Social dominance theory: Developed by Jim Sidanius and Felicia
Pratto, this theory suggests that prejudice and discrimination are
rooted in social hierarchies and the desire for dominance. People
who hold dominant social positions (e.g., based on gender, race, or
ethnicity) are motivated to maintain their power and status, leading
to prejudice and discrimination against subordinate groups.
Realistic conflict theory: Developed by Muzafer Sherif, this theory
suggests that intergroup conflict arises when groups compete for
limited resources (e.g., jobs, territory). This competition can lead to
negative attitudes and behaviors towards outgroups, as they are
seen as a threat to the ingroup's resources.
Historical representation theory: Developed by James W.
Loewen, this theory suggests that prejudice is perpetuated by
distorted historical narratives that reinforce stereotypes and
negative attitudes towards certain groups. These distorted
narratives can create a sense of group superiority and perpetuate
prejudice.
THEORIES:
Minimal groups theory: Developed by social psychologist Henri
Tajfel, this theory suggests that even minimal categorization into
groups (e.g., based on a trivial characteristic such as shirt color) can
lead to ingroup favoritism and outgroup prejudice. People tend to
perceive their ingroup as superior and allocate more resources to
their own group.
Contact hypothesis: Developed by Gordon Allport, this theory
suggests that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice if certain
conditions are met, such as equal status, common goals, and
cooperation. Through positive interactions, people can learn about
and appreciate different groups, leading to reduced prejudice.
Social dominance theory: Developed by Jim Sidanius and Felicia
Pratto, this theory suggests that prejudice and discrimination are
rooted in social hierarchies and the desire for dominance. People
who hold dominant social positions (e.g., based on gender, race, or
ethnicity) are motivated to maintain their power and status, leading
to prejudice and discrimination against subordinate groups.
Realistic conflict theory: Developed by Muzafer Sherif, this theory
suggests that intergroup conflict arises when groups compete for
limited resources (e.g., jobs, territory). This competition can lead to
negative attitudes and behaviors towards outgroups, as they are
seen as a threat to the ingroup's resources.
Historical representation theory: Developed by James W.
Loewen, this theory suggests that prejudice is perpetuated by
distorted historical narratives that reinforce stereotypes and
negative attitudes towards certain groups. These distorted
narratives can create a sense of group superiority and perpetuate
prejudice.
