WGU psychology c180, Top Exam Questions with answers. Accurate. Verified.

WGU psychology c180, Top Exam Questions with answers. Accurate. Verified. What is the independent variable - -the cause of change What is the dependent variable - -the effect What is the main difference between a correlation and an experiment - -correlation discovers relationship among variables and predicts future events. Experiment provides more definitive conclusion from causal relationship. How is a sample different from a population - -smaller subset of population List 2 issues in conducting ethical research in psychology - -Prevent harm and free choice. Hypothalamus - -pleasurable activities associated with eating, drinking, and sexual behavior Thalamus - -relay station for all senses except smell Hippocampus - -associated with converting short-term memories into long-term memories Cerebellum - -balance and body posture Corpus Callosum - -Connective tissue that links the two brain hemispheres Pituitary Gland - -Master gland within the endocrine system Pancreas - -produces insulin Parietal lobe - -sensation and spatial awareness Occipital lobe - -vision Frontal lobe - -thinking, personality Temporal lobe - -hearing List 2 types of neurotransmitters - -dopamine, serotonin axon - -long fiber that transmits information away from cell body to other neurons dendrite - -treelike fiber that collects information from other cells and sends to soma myelin sheath - -insulates axon to increase speed of neural messages Where does the myelin sheath grow and what is its purpose - -Grows around the axons. Purpose is to insulate. Harold goes to check out an empty house. He hears a noise and thinks it could be a stray cat - -Which behavior is the sensation? hears a noise. Which behavior is the perception? he thinks its a stray cat Provide a real world example of subliminal messaging - -The amazon logo. The arrow points from a to z which is that they sell everything and anything. Provide a real world example of top-down perception - -Walking into the kitchen and smelling smoke. Provide a real world example of absolute threshold - -Hearing clock's minute hand tick tock at night. any senses. Provide a real world example of inattentional blindness - -choosing to tune out to focus on one thing. Non-REM 1 - -theta waves. Some loss of muscle tone. Jerking movements Non-REM 2 - -sleep spindles. 50% of total sleep Non-REM 3 - -delta waves. slow wave. deepest of sleep. Occurs at beginning of sleep. Sleep walking, bed wetting, talking and nightmares occur. REM - -20-25% of sleep. vivid dreams, body does not move and movements occur in dreams. too much can have neg impact on mood and leave you tired. affects cognitive capacity. Provide an example of drug tolerance - -A person taking so much pain medication that they require more pain medication to get same effect. Contrast hypnosis and meditation - -Hypnosis is to facilitate increased suggestibility and dissociated experiences and facilitated by someone else. Meditation alters consciousness and attention by relaxation, deep breathing and concentrated focus facilitated by yourself List the 3 stages of prenatal development and indicate how long each one lasts - -1) zygote- 1-2 weeks 2) embryonic- 3-8 weeks 3) fetal- 9-birth List and briefly describe Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development; include the age range for each - -1) sensorimotor- child experiences senses of seeing, hearing, touching and tasting. 2) preoperational- Child starts to see world from other peoples perspectives. 3) concrete operational- Performs operations and thinks logically. 4) formal operational- abstract thoughts, understand ethics and scientific reasoning. List and briefly describe Erikson's 8 stages of personality development; include the age range for each - -1) trust vs mistrust - infant to 18 mths 2) autonomy vs shame- 18mth- 3yrs 3) initiative vs guilt - 3-5 yrs 4) industry vs inferiority- 5-12yrs 5) identity vs role confusion- 13-21yrs 6) intimacy vs isolation- 21-39yrs 7) generativity vs stagnation- 40-65yrs 8) ego integrity vs despair- 65 and older Resistant - -the child is upset when the parent leaves him with the stranger and is not easily consoled once the parent returns secure - -the child is upset when the parent leaves him with the stranger, but it easily consoled once the parent returns avoidant - -(detached) the child does not get upset when the parent leaves him alone with the stranger and doesn't notice when the parent returns Disorganized - -the child seems confused when the parent leaves him with the stranger, and continues to be confused once the parent returns What are primary sex characteristics for boys and girls - -organs that are involved with reproduction. testes, penis enlarge. vagina, ovaries and uterus develop. What are secondary sex characteristics for boys - -adams apple enlarge, voice deepens, pubic and under arm hair What are secondary sex characteristics for girls - -breasts. hips, pubic and under arm hair. How do peers and parents differentially influence adolescents - -adolescents move away from parents and peers become role models. Parents take on monitoring role. List and briefly describe Kohlberg's 3 stages of moral development - -1) preconventional- avoid doing things wrong to avoid consequences. 2) conventional- follow societys rules because you want to be seen as a good person. 3) postconventional- moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice. Describe how the immune system changes as we age - -Immune system declines because recovery takes longer. Describe how memory changes as we age - -Crystallized memory increases, fluid memory decreases Provide a real world example of the Fundamental Attribution Error - -Attribute personality trait to person rather situation. Provide a real world example of cognitive dissonance - -What we tell ourselves when there is a conflict internally. Smoker