Helwig NCE & CPCE Prep (HGrD) questions with complete solutions

What is the definition of development? (HGrD) correct answer: Systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occurs between conception and death. What are the three broad areas of systematic change in development? (HGrD) correct answer: Three broad areas such as physical development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development. The theories which can explain how humans grow and develop fall into these following broad categories. (HGrD) correct answer: There are the learning theories including behavioral theories, cognitive theories, psychoanalytic including the Neo-Freudian, and humanistic psychology included with self theories. Human growth and development changes can be viewed from these comparative concepts. (HGrD) correct answer: Qualitative or quantitative, continuous or discontinuous, and mechanistic or organismic. What is a qualitative view of change in human growth and development? (HGrD) correct answer: Qualitative change principle is that change occurs in structure or organization (for example, sexual development). What is quantitative view of change in human growth and development? (HGrD) correct answer: Quantitative view of change is in number, degree or frequency (content changes, for example, intellectual development) What is considered as the continuous view of change when it comes to human growth and development? (HGrD) correct answer: A continuous model states that change is sequential and cannot be separated easily (for example, personality development) What is considered in the discontinuous view of change in human growth and development? (HGrD) correct answer: The discontinuous view attributes growth and development as certain changes in abilities or behaviors that can be separated from others which delineates stages of development (for example, language development). What is the mechanistic view of change in human growth and development? (HGrD) correct answer: Mechanistic model states development and growth as those changes that are the reduction of all behavior to common elements (for example, instinctual or reflexive behavior) What is the organismic model of change in human growth and development? (HGrD) correct answer: Organismic model states that because of new stages, there is change or discontinuity; development and growth is more than just stimulus-response. The organism is involved including the use of cognition An example of this model comes from theories on moral or ethical development.