NR 546 Midterm Exam Study Guide Midterm Exam(A+ graded 100% verified latest update)

NR 546 Midterm Exam Study Guide Midterm Exam(A+ graded 100% verified latest update)Week 1 Functional neuroanatomy- brain anatomy and physiology covered in both the course Explore section and readings. If a particular area of the brain is affected, what is the expected response. Focus on those within the Explore section and your readings. Ethical issues- covered in both the course Explore section and readings Epigenetics- covered in both the course Explore section and readings. Why is epigenetics important? Hoe does epigenetics impact a person’s mental health? Genetics-CYP 450 impact discussed in course Explore section. How does the CYP450 affect pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics? Incidence of mental illness-what factors are increasing the incidence? This is covered in course Explore section Week 2 CYP450-how this affects metabolism. Review Stahl Ch 2 . Inducers & Inhibitors- review Stahl p.49. How does an inhibitor or inducer affect medication efficacy? Note the most common inhibitors and inducers noted in your Stahl readings. You will see these mentioned on boards. Make sure to review carbamazepine. Is this medication an inhibitor or an inducer? How does combining carbamazepine with another medication affect your prescribing? Are dose adjustments necessary? Agonists/Antagonists (full, partial, reverse)- know definitions, be able to apply this to a clinical situation. Think about how this is applied clinically. For example- if a medication is an agonist, how does that affect transmission. Review Stahl’s agonist spectrum section. Review the figures regarding agonists. Neurotransmission- covered in both the course Explore section and readings Week 3 Dopamine pathways-know the four pathways, the functions, and adverse effects. If given a scenario with an adverse effect, you should be able to select the responsible pathway. FGA/SGA-know the risks and benefits of each class including affected neurotransmitters, adverse effects. Which medication class is first line? Which medication is associated with higher incidence of EPS or metabolic side effects? Medications-know most common benefits, adverse effects, black box warnings and specialized testing for these medications. Be able to select a medication based on its profile (i.e., lowest weight gain, cardiometabolic risk, etc. ) . Review your completed antipsychotic table for the next section: Medications-know indication, mechanism of action, adverse and starting dosing of the medications on your table. NMS, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, acute dystonia- signs, symptoms, and treatment Week 4 Benzodiazepines- appropriate prescribing practices, review the risks and benefits of prescribing. Which benzo is safe in lactation? Know recommended length of treatment and how to wean. Review diversion prevention practices. Pathophysiology of Fear and worry-know what areas of the brain and which neurotransmitters are affected GAD treatment- recommended actions for efficacy PTSD- which medication is FDA approved OCD approved treatments. Which medication is first line? Lifespan considerations- which medications are appropriate for the elderly? Which medications should be avoided in the elderly? In lactation? Medications-know indication, mechanism of action, adverse and starting dosing of the medications on your anxiolytic table. Final Exam Week 5 MDD- Monoamine hypothesis of depression, prescribing considerations- SSRIs what screens should be completed prior to prescribing a SSRI? Which age group is most at risk when prescribed a SSRI? Why? Which SSRI has the least CYP interactions, which is best tolerated, longest acting, more likely to cause discontinuation syndrome? Which medications are used as adjuncts? What substances can affect lithium levels? What is serotonin syndrome? These answers should be included on this week’s medication table. MAOIs-half life, interactions, benefits, and adverse effects Bipolar medications- half life, interactions, benefits, and adverse effects Medications-know indication, mechanism of action, adverse and starting dosing of the medications and any necessary lab/diagnostic tests on your table. Be able to apply this information. You will be asked to select the best medication for a specific clinical situation. You may be asked to match education to the drug class. Role of L-Methylfolate in depression treatment- what is L-methylfolate? What is the MOA? Why is it recommended as an adjunct? Week 6 Pathway and neurotransmitters associated with addiction Addiction medications- FDA approved indications for each medication on your medication table which medications can precipitate withdrawal? Are there any required actions prior to medication initiation? Review client education for the medications. Medications-know indication, mechanism of action, adverse effects or reactions and starting dosing of the medications on your table. substances of abuse- mechanism of action, associated signs and symptoms you would note on exam. When a client presents to the ED it is essential to be able to swiftly identify which drug had been taken so appropriate treatment can be quickly initiated. If given a clinical scenario, could you identify which substance was taken based on the client’s symptoms? Lifespan considerations-which medications are safe in pregnancy? Safe for use in the elderly? Week 7 ADHD- pathophysiology of ADHD across the lifespan, appropriate prescribing practices, review the risks and benefits of prescribing. Review diversion prevention practices. Lifespan considerations of prescribing stimulants- which medications are recommended for children? Adults? The elderly? Those with a history of substance abuse? Sleep/Wake- what is orexin? What medications are recommended Medications-know indication, mechanism of action, affected neurotransmitters, adverse effects and starting dosing of the medications on your table.