Complete Test Bank Diagnostic Microbiology 4th Edition Mahon Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-41)

Diagnostic Microbiology 4th Edition Mahon Test Bank Chapter 01: Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. To survive, microbial inhabitants have learned to adapt by varying all of the following EXCEPT: a. Growth rate b. Growth in all atmospheric conditions c. Growth at particular temperatures d. Bacterial shape ANS: D The chapter begins by discussing the way microbial inhabitants have had to evolve to survive in many different niches and habitats. It discuss es slow growers, rapid growers, and replication with scarce or abundant nutrients, under different atmospheric conditions, temperature requirements, and cell structure. Bacterial shape as a form of evolution is not discussed. REF: page 3 OBJ: Level 2 – Interpretation 2. Who was considered the father of protozoology and bacteriology? a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek b. Louis Pasteur c. Carl Landsteiner d. Michael Douglas ANS: A The book discusses Anton van Leeuwenhoek as the inventor of the microscope and the first person to see the “beasties.” So they dubbed him the father of protozoology and bacteriology. The other three individuals were not discussed. REF: page 4 OBJ: Level 1 – Recall 3. Prokaryotic cells have which the following structures in their cytoplasm? a. Golgi apparatus b. Ribosome c. Mitochondria d. Endoplasmic reticulum ANS: B All the structures listed are found in eukaryotic cells, but the one that only applies to prokary otic cells is the ribosome. REF: page 5 OBJ: Level 1 – Recall 4. This type of chromosomal DNA is found in eukaryotic cells. a. Linear b. Circular c. Plasmid d. Colloid ANS: A Circular and plasmid DNA is found in bacteria, not eukaryotic cells. Colloid is a protein molecule, not a nucleotide. REF: page 5 OBJ: Level 3 – Synthesis 5. The nuclear membrane in prokaryotes is: a. Missing b. Impenetrable c. A classic membrane d. A lipid bilayer membrane ANS: A Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane bound structures in the cytoplasm including a structured nucleus. Nuclear membranes are never impenetrable because mRNA templates must be able to pass out of the nucleus into the endoplasmic reticulum. The cellular membrane is a lipid bilayer. A classic membrane is a vague term that is not descriptive. REF: page 5 OBJ: Level 1 – Recall 6. A microorganism that is a unicellular organism and lacks a nuclear membrane and true nucleus is classified as: a. Fungi b. Virus c. Algae d. Parasite ANS: B Fungi, algae, and parasites are unicellular organisms that contain a true nucleus. REF: page 5 OBJ: Level 1 – Recall 7. In the laboratory, the clinical microbiologist is responsible for all the following EXCEPT: a. Isolating microorganisms b. Selecting treatment for patients c. Identifying microorganisms d. Analyzing bacteria that cause disease ANS: B Clinical microbiologists never select treatment for patients. They provide the doctor with the name of the organism and the antibiotics that can kill the bacteria, but never a final selection of treatment protocols. REF: page 4 OBJ: Level 3 – Synthesis 8. What enables the microbiologist to select the correct media for primary culture and optimize the chance of isolating a pathogenic organism? a. Determining staining characteristics b. Understanding the cell structure and biochemical pathways of an organism c. Understanding the growth requirements of a particular bacterium d. Knowing the differences in cell walls of particular bacteria. ANS: C The other three choices are used to identify a bacterium once it has grown on media. By understanding growth requirements, a microbiologist can maximize the chance of the organism being isolated from a culture. REF: page 4 OBJ: Level 2 – Interpretation 9. A clinical laboratory scientist is working on the bench, reading plates, and notices that a culture has both a unicellular form and a filamentous form. What type of organism exhibits these forms? a. Virus b. Fungi c. Bacteria d. Parasite ANS: B Viruses only have one form, so it cannot be a virus. Bacteria have two forms, a vegetative and spore form, so it cannot be a bacterium. Parasites also have two forms, trophozoite and cyst, so it cannot be a parasite. It has to be fungi. REF: page 4 OBJ: Level 2 – Interpretation 10. A clinical laboratory scientist is working in a microbiology laboratory where she receives a viral culture. Should she make a smear so that she can look at the virus under the light microscope? a. No, viruses cannot be seen under an ordinary light microscope. b. Yes, viruses can be seen under an ordinary light microscope. c. Yes, viruses can be seen under a phase -contrast microscope. d. No, viruses cannot be seen under a phase -contrast microscope. ANS: A Viruses are so small that they cannot be viewed under an ordinary light microscope or a phase - contrast microscope. The only microscope that can visualize a virus is an electron microscope. REF: page 5 OBJ: Level 2 – Interpretation 11. All of the following statements are true about viruses EXCEPT: a. Viruses consist of DNA or RNA but not both. b. Viruses are acellular but are surrounded by a protein coat. c. Viruses can infect bacteria, plants, and animals. d. Viruses do not need host cells to survive. ANS: D Viruses need to have a host cell because they do not have the ability to reproduce or nourish themselves without the host’s cellular mechanisms. REF: page 5 OBJ: Level 2 – Interpretation 12. Diagnostic microbiologists emphasize placement and naming of bacterial species into all the following categories EXCEPT: a. Order b. Family c. Genus d. Species ANS: A Clinical microbiologists use the family, genus, and species taxonomic categories to identify species that are important for diagnostic diseases. REF: page 6 OBJ: Level 1 – Recall 13. Bacterial species that exhibit phenotypic differences are considered: a. Biovarieties b. Serovarieties c. Phagevarieties d. Subspecies ANS: D Biovarieties vary based on biochemical test results, serovarieties vary based on serologic test results, and phagevarieties is a fictitious word. REF: page 6 OBJ: Level 2 – Interpretation 14. What structure is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and cholesterol that regulates the amount of chemicals that pass in and out of a cell? a. Cell wall b. Mitochondria c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Plasma membrane ANS: D The cell wall is the outer covering made up of lipids. The mitochondria is a cellular organelle that is considered the powerhouse of the cell (electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occurs here). The endoplasmic reticulum is a cellular organelle where protein synthesis occurs. REF: page 8 OBJ: Level 1 – Recall