Sunday, 28 February 2016
Chemistry revision notes!
Principles of chemistry
- Solids have strong forces of attraction between particles!
- Solids have a regular arrangement of particles!
- Solid’s particles don’t move, so they keep their shape!
- The hotter a solid becomes, the more the particles move and vibrate!
- When a liquid is heated, particles vibrate more as they gain energy, they move
around faster and go from being close together to being further apart!
- Subliming is when matter changes from a solid to a gas.!
- When a liquid changes from a liquid to a gas naturally, is evaporation. !
- When a solid is heated to the melting point, the particles vibrate more and gain
energy, the forces become weaker, so the particles can move more and break free
from their position.!
- The process when colour spreads through a beaker is diffusion!
- If more water is added to a beaker, the water will get less purple as the potassium
mananate particles spread further apart.!
- In a test tube with ammonium gas in one end and hydrogen chloride gas in the other,
a white ring will form near the chloride because ammonia particles are smaller and
lighter and can diffuse more quickly.!
- Number of protons and neutrons (top number)!
- Number of protons is the atomic number (bottom number)!
- Number of neutrons is top number take away bottom number!
- Number of electrons is proton number (bottom number)!
- Protons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1!
- Neutrons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 0!
- Electrons have a relative mass of 1/2000 and a charge of -1!
- The atomic number of helium is 2 (bottom number)!
- The atomic mass of helium is 4 (top number)!
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Chemistry revision notes!
Principles of chemistry
- Solids have strong forces of attraction between particles!
- Solids have a regular arrangement of particles!
- Solid’s particles don’t move, so they keep their shape!
- The hotter a solid becomes, the more the particles move and vibrate!
- When a liquid is heated, particles vibrate more as they gain energy, they move
around faster and go from being close together to being further apart!
- Subliming is when matter changes from a solid to a gas.!
- When a liquid changes from a liquid to a gas naturally, is evaporation. !
- When a solid is heated to the melting point, the particles vibrate more and gain
energy, the forces become weaker, so the particles can move more and break free
from their position.!
- The process when colour spreads through a beaker is diffusion!
- If more water is added to a beaker, the water will get less purple as the potassium
mananate particles spread further apart.!
- In a test tube with ammonium gas in one end and hydrogen chloride gas in the other,
a white ring will form near the chloride because ammonia particles are smaller and
lighter and can diffuse more quickly.!
- Number of protons and neutrons (top number)!
- Number of protons is the atomic number (bottom number)!
- Number of neutrons is top number take away bottom number!
- Number of electrons is proton number (bottom number)!
- Protons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1!
- Neutrons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 0!
- Electrons have a relative mass of 1/2000 and a charge of -1!
- The atomic number of helium is 2 (bottom number)!
- The atomic mass of helium is 4 (top number)!
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