NASM CHAPTER 2 QUIZ WITH SOLUTION 2023

NASM CHAPTER 2 QUIZ WITH SOLUTION 2023Human movement system The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, & skeletal systems. Kinetic Chain Another name for the three systems responsible for human movement Nervous System A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body. Three Primary Functions of Nervous System Sensory, Integrative, & Motor Functions Sensory Function The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment. Integrative Function The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response. Motor Function The neuromuscular response to the sensory information. Proprioception The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement. Benefits of training the body's proprioceptive abilities Improve balance, coordination, and posture and enable the body to adapt to its surrounding without consciously thinking about what movement is appropriate. Neuron The functional unit of the nervous system. A specialized cell that processes and transmits info through both electrical and chemical signs. Three main parts of neuron Cell body, axon, dendrites Axon Part of neuron that provides communication *from brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. Dendrites Gather info from other structures and transmit it back to neuron Three main functional classifications of neurons Sensory (Afferent) Neurons, Interneurons, Motor (Efferent) Neurons Sensory (Afferent) Neurons Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles & organs) via receptors *to the brain and spinal cord. Interneurons Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another Motor (Efferent) Neurons Transmit nerve impulses *from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites Central Nervous System The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body. (12 cranial nerves & 31 spinal nerves) Somatic Nervous System A subdivision of the PNS that consists of nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle. Responsible for *voluntary control of movement. Autonomic Nervous System A subdivision of the PNS that supplies neural input into the involuntary systems of the body (heart, digestive system, & endocrine glands) Sensory Receptors Specialized structures located throughout the body that convert environment stimuli (heat, sound, light, taste & motion) into sensory information that the brain and spinal cord use to produce a response. 4 Categories of Sensory Receptors Mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors. Mechanoreceptors Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues. Muscle Spindles Sensory receptors within muscles that run parallel to muscle fibers and are sensitive to change in length of the muscle and rate of that change. Help regulate muscle contraction via the "stretch reflex" mechanism Golgi Tendon Organ Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and rate of that change. Activation of GTO will cause muscle to relax. Joint Receptors Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint. Skeletal System The body's framework, composed of bones and joints. Tendons Connect muscle to bones Bones Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs. Joints Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. AKA an articulation. Axial Skeleton Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column