Treatment of Infectious Disease
P
Tuberculosis (BT)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a type of bacteria that causes
tuberculosis. It is disseminated when someone who has TB disease in
their lung’s coughs or sneezes and someone else breathes in the TB
bacteria-carrying droplets.
To become infected oneself, you would need to come in contact with
an infected individual for several hours at a time.
For instance, TB infections typically spread inside households where
family members reside. It would be extremely uncommon for you to
contract the disease by sharing a seat with an infected person, like on
a bus or train.
Not all TB patients are contagious. Children with TB or persons with
extrapulmonary TB (TB that affects the organs outside the lungs) do
not spread the disease. The immune system, the body's natural
defence against disease and infection, often eradicates the germs in
healthy individuals. Although the immune system is unable to
eradicate the bacteria, it can stop it from spreading throughout the
body.
Latent TB is a condition in which the bacteria enter the body but do not
produce any symptoms; active TB is a condition in which the infection
produces symptoms within a few weeks, months, or even years after
infection. Years after the original infection, up to 10% of patients with
latent TB go on to acquire active TB.
Treatment
If you are identified as having active pulmonary TB, which affects your
lungs and has symptoms, you will be given at least a 6-month course
of a combination of antibiotics.
There are three therapy recommendations for latent TB: - Isoniazid,
the most widely used treatment for latent TB. For nine months, you
normally take one isoniazid antibiotic medication each day. - Rifampin,
an antibiotic that you take every day for four months. If you experience
adverse effects or are ineligible for isoniazid, there is an option. You
,also take Isoniazid and Rifapentine once a week for three months while
being closely monitored by your doctor.
You must take a few antibiotics for six to nine months if you have
active TB. The drugs include Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and
Ethambutol (Myambutol).
To determine whether drugs will effectively treat the TB strain, your
doctor may order a test. You will take three or four drugs for two
months depending on the results. You will then take two drugs for four
to seven months.
They are antibiotics that work by stopping the growth of bacteria. Take
this medication by mouth on an empty stomach. These medication are
taken by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor either as
tablets or in liquid form.
If the treatment is stopped too soon or dosages are skipped, the bacteria
may be allowed to thrive, which could lead to a return of the infection
and make it harder to cure (resistant).
There are TB strains that are resistant to two or more antibiotics,
although they are rare in the UK. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is what
this is. Depending on the strain, multidrug-resistant TB requires an
antibiotic treatment lasting between 9 and 24 months. Compared to
regular TB, multidrug-resistant TB typically has less favourable
outcomes.
Tuberculosis vaccine: youngsters in areas where TB is widespread
frequently receive the BCG vaccine. In America, it is not frequently
employed, and it does not always offer infection protection. Only kids
who cannot take antibiotics or who have an active TB infection with a
very drug-resistant strain are advised to do so by doctors.
M
Anti-viral: Influenza (Flu)
The influenza virus, which can infect the nose, throat, and occasionally
the lungs, is what causes flu, a contagious respiratory illness. It may
result in mild to severe disease, and occasionally even death.
Neuraminidase Inhibitors are chemically related antiviral medications
that block the viral neuraminidase enzyme and have activity against
both influenza A and B viruses and acute respiratory infections.
, Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are two glycoproteins shared by all
influenza viruses (a protein essential for invading the new host cells).
Neuraminidase inhibitors work by inhibiting the viral neuraminidase
protein's ability to release viruses from infected host cells and prevent
the infection of new host cells, which stops the infection from
spreading to the respiratory system.
Neuraminidase inhibitors block the function of the viral neuraminidase
protein, thus stopping the release of viruses from the infected host
cells and preventing new host cells from being infected, and therefore,
the infection does not spread in the respiratory tract. Neuraminidase
inhibitors should be given as early as possible. Oseltamivir, Zanamivir
and Peramivir are the neuraminidase Inhibitors. These drugs
are inhibitors of neuraminidase, a glycoprotein on the surface of the
influenza virus, which inhibit the release of influenza A and B viruses
from host cells. This inhibition stops the process of viral replication.
Amantadine and Rimantadine work on stopping or blocking the activity
of enzyme M2 and Flu B do not have M2 protein, therefore they do not
work against Flu B, and they also do not work against Flu A anymore,
as Flu A has become resistance, which means Flu A has a mutated
form of M2.
Antivirals work by stopping the flu virus from multiplying in the body.
They will not cure flu, but they may help slightly reduce the length
of the illness and relieve some of the symptoms.
Vaccine: Antiviral medications are not a replacement for the flu shot.
The best method to prevent seasonal flu and its potentially fatal
complications is with a flu vaccine, even though its effectiveness can
vary. Every year, everyone aged 6 months and older should get the flu
shot. If you become ill with the flu, you can utilise antiviral medications
as a second line of defence. When circulating viruses and the viruses in
vaccines match well, influenza vaccines are most effective.
Anti-retroviral: HIV
HIV is a retrovirus which enters the body and infects CD4-T
lymphocytes among many other cells.
Drugs used to reduce symptoms and severe HIV.
P
Tuberculosis (BT)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a type of bacteria that causes
tuberculosis. It is disseminated when someone who has TB disease in
their lung’s coughs or sneezes and someone else breathes in the TB
bacteria-carrying droplets.
To become infected oneself, you would need to come in contact with
an infected individual for several hours at a time.
For instance, TB infections typically spread inside households where
family members reside. It would be extremely uncommon for you to
contract the disease by sharing a seat with an infected person, like on
a bus or train.
Not all TB patients are contagious. Children with TB or persons with
extrapulmonary TB (TB that affects the organs outside the lungs) do
not spread the disease. The immune system, the body's natural
defence against disease and infection, often eradicates the germs in
healthy individuals. Although the immune system is unable to
eradicate the bacteria, it can stop it from spreading throughout the
body.
Latent TB is a condition in which the bacteria enter the body but do not
produce any symptoms; active TB is a condition in which the infection
produces symptoms within a few weeks, months, or even years after
infection. Years after the original infection, up to 10% of patients with
latent TB go on to acquire active TB.
Treatment
If you are identified as having active pulmonary TB, which affects your
lungs and has symptoms, you will be given at least a 6-month course
of a combination of antibiotics.
There are three therapy recommendations for latent TB: - Isoniazid,
the most widely used treatment for latent TB. For nine months, you
normally take one isoniazid antibiotic medication each day. - Rifampin,
an antibiotic that you take every day for four months. If you experience
adverse effects or are ineligible for isoniazid, there is an option. You
,also take Isoniazid and Rifapentine once a week for three months while
being closely monitored by your doctor.
You must take a few antibiotics for six to nine months if you have
active TB. The drugs include Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and
Ethambutol (Myambutol).
To determine whether drugs will effectively treat the TB strain, your
doctor may order a test. You will take three or four drugs for two
months depending on the results. You will then take two drugs for four
to seven months.
They are antibiotics that work by stopping the growth of bacteria. Take
this medication by mouth on an empty stomach. These medication are
taken by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor either as
tablets or in liquid form.
If the treatment is stopped too soon or dosages are skipped, the bacteria
may be allowed to thrive, which could lead to a return of the infection
and make it harder to cure (resistant).
There are TB strains that are resistant to two or more antibiotics,
although they are rare in the UK. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is what
this is. Depending on the strain, multidrug-resistant TB requires an
antibiotic treatment lasting between 9 and 24 months. Compared to
regular TB, multidrug-resistant TB typically has less favourable
outcomes.
Tuberculosis vaccine: youngsters in areas where TB is widespread
frequently receive the BCG vaccine. In America, it is not frequently
employed, and it does not always offer infection protection. Only kids
who cannot take antibiotics or who have an active TB infection with a
very drug-resistant strain are advised to do so by doctors.
M
Anti-viral: Influenza (Flu)
The influenza virus, which can infect the nose, throat, and occasionally
the lungs, is what causes flu, a contagious respiratory illness. It may
result in mild to severe disease, and occasionally even death.
Neuraminidase Inhibitors are chemically related antiviral medications
that block the viral neuraminidase enzyme and have activity against
both influenza A and B viruses and acute respiratory infections.
, Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are two glycoproteins shared by all
influenza viruses (a protein essential for invading the new host cells).
Neuraminidase inhibitors work by inhibiting the viral neuraminidase
protein's ability to release viruses from infected host cells and prevent
the infection of new host cells, which stops the infection from
spreading to the respiratory system.
Neuraminidase inhibitors block the function of the viral neuraminidase
protein, thus stopping the release of viruses from the infected host
cells and preventing new host cells from being infected, and therefore,
the infection does not spread in the respiratory tract. Neuraminidase
inhibitors should be given as early as possible. Oseltamivir, Zanamivir
and Peramivir are the neuraminidase Inhibitors. These drugs
are inhibitors of neuraminidase, a glycoprotein on the surface of the
influenza virus, which inhibit the release of influenza A and B viruses
from host cells. This inhibition stops the process of viral replication.
Amantadine and Rimantadine work on stopping or blocking the activity
of enzyme M2 and Flu B do not have M2 protein, therefore they do not
work against Flu B, and they also do not work against Flu A anymore,
as Flu A has become resistance, which means Flu A has a mutated
form of M2.
Antivirals work by stopping the flu virus from multiplying in the body.
They will not cure flu, but they may help slightly reduce the length
of the illness and relieve some of the symptoms.
Vaccine: Antiviral medications are not a replacement for the flu shot.
The best method to prevent seasonal flu and its potentially fatal
complications is with a flu vaccine, even though its effectiveness can
vary. Every year, everyone aged 6 months and older should get the flu
shot. If you become ill with the flu, you can utilise antiviral medications
as a second line of defence. When circulating viruses and the viruses in
vaccines match well, influenza vaccines are most effective.
Anti-retroviral: HIV
HIV is a retrovirus which enters the body and infects CD4-T
lymphocytes among many other cells.
Drugs used to reduce symptoms and severe HIV.
