Biology AS level
, I
•E•B•E
BIOLOGY CHAPTER 't
16-9-21
keywords and definitions Main Topic :
:
the
Resolution : is
ability to microscopes
distinguish between two point
1-
Light 2 electron
Magnification The number ofx
1-
Objective lens has
:
more than one setting :
↳ (4110,4%100)×1050 highest
larger animageisthanthe magnification is upto 100011 fig 1. mitochondrion under
real size of the object .
Wavelengths range from Electron microscope .
↳ 4001-0700 to calculate resolution use wavelength
2
Story of protein synthesis the smallest resolution we can
get
-
:
protein is made in RER then is 200hm
it's shipped in a vesicle to the
golgibodywhereitis modified The smallest
wavelength is Inmsothe smallest resolution is 0.5hm .
↳ it
-
danditrepacksintoa magnifies upto -10,000 ✗
vescileanditcanbeintra We have two types
cellular oroutra cellular TEM SEM
.
look at
lookatfigt fig 1.1
TEM : the electron beam the electron beam the electron beam is
the reflected off of the
passed through the specimen passes through
before being viewed - more specimen .
specimen .
fig 1.1 part of White
:
details canbeseen . 2.) Nucleoulous Cheese .
1.) Nucleus ↳
more resolution
Darkly stained region
-
↳ has double
0.5hm membranes
-
Produces Ribosomes
-
has nuclear pores 3.) Endoplasmic reticulm
↳ Rough ↳ smooth
SEM Electron beam is reflected
: -
has chromatin made of DNA and protein
from the surface of specimen has ribosome
control the activity of the cell steriods
synthesis
-
on
-
-
. .
The surface of structure can DNA → MRNA - > Protein surface -
has no ribosomes .
be seen with 3D extended from the outer
appearance
-
.
:..÷
less resolution compared to membrane
the TEM itis between 3hm Packing
za and
sniping of
-
-
1-
20hm .
proetins .
: 4
Ribosome 29hm
tlgi
Do
'
:
i. ÷ .
is
80s
it is made of RNA and has 2
types 705
have no membrane can make protein
synthesis .
Summary :
, 2
BE BEBE
BIOLOGY CHAPTER 't
20-9-21
Definition and keyword Main topic :
5
Golgi body
protein modification leg)
protein + carb Glycoprotein _-
fig 1.2 mitochondria
protein + lipids Lipoproteins _- :
Homework difference between
:
÷i"
eukaryotes and Prokaryotes .
has 2 membranes
"" "" matrix
"
containing > osribos.me
'
→ 2 2 DNA ( Plasmid)
3 Inner membrane
}
4 Outer membrane
abagthatshipssubinthe cells .
8 Vacuole
a
bag that stores substances ( eg) : water + starch .
In animal cell -
.
Temporary + small
In plant cell :
permanent +
large
cell membrane called tonoplast .
9
Lysosome •
-
lysosome
It 's avescile that contains
that do the
digestive enzeymes
following :
-
digest Pathogens .
apoptosis programmed cell death
-
Digest the cellorpartof the cell .
10
Cytoskeleton ( microfillamint ,
microtubule )
it is a network ofproetin fibres
fix
organeles in place Pulling of chromosomes
-
-
movement of the cell
-
.
→
microtubule spindle
fiber
→ ←
microtubule
summary :
, I
•E•B•E
BIOLOGY CHAPTER 't
16-9-21
keywords and definitions Main Topic :
:
the
Resolution : is
ability to microscopes
distinguish between two point
1-
Light 2 electron
Magnification The number ofx
1-
Objective lens has
:
more than one setting :
↳ (4110,4%100)×1050 highest
larger animageisthanthe magnification is upto 100011 fig 1. mitochondrion under
real size of the object .
Wavelengths range from Electron microscope .
↳ 4001-0700 to calculate resolution use wavelength
2
Story of protein synthesis the smallest resolution we can
get
-
:
protein is made in RER then is 200hm
it's shipped in a vesicle to the
golgibodywhereitis modified The smallest
wavelength is Inmsothe smallest resolution is 0.5hm .
↳ it
-
danditrepacksintoa magnifies upto -10,000 ✗
vescileanditcanbeintra We have two types
cellular oroutra cellular TEM SEM
.
look at
lookatfigt fig 1.1
TEM : the electron beam the electron beam the electron beam is
the reflected off of the
passed through the specimen passes through
before being viewed - more specimen .
specimen .
fig 1.1 part of White
:
details canbeseen . 2.) Nucleoulous Cheese .
1.) Nucleus ↳
more resolution
Darkly stained region
-
↳ has double
0.5hm membranes
-
Produces Ribosomes
-
has nuclear pores 3.) Endoplasmic reticulm
↳ Rough ↳ smooth
SEM Electron beam is reflected
: -
has chromatin made of DNA and protein
from the surface of specimen has ribosome
control the activity of the cell steriods
synthesis
-
on
-
-
. .
The surface of structure can DNA → MRNA - > Protein surface -
has no ribosomes .
be seen with 3D extended from the outer
appearance
-
.
:..÷
less resolution compared to membrane
the TEM itis between 3hm Packing
za and
sniping of
-
-
1-
20hm .
proetins .
: 4
Ribosome 29hm
tlgi
Do
'
:
i. ÷ .
is
80s
it is made of RNA and has 2
types 705
have no membrane can make protein
synthesis .
Summary :
, 2
BE BEBE
BIOLOGY CHAPTER 't
20-9-21
Definition and keyword Main topic :
5
Golgi body
protein modification leg)
protein + carb Glycoprotein _-
fig 1.2 mitochondria
protein + lipids Lipoproteins _- :
Homework difference between
:
÷i"
eukaryotes and Prokaryotes .
has 2 membranes
"" "" matrix
"
containing > osribos.me
'
→ 2 2 DNA ( Plasmid)
3 Inner membrane
}
4 Outer membrane
abagthatshipssubinthe cells .
8 Vacuole
a
bag that stores substances ( eg) : water + starch .
In animal cell -
.
Temporary + small
In plant cell :
permanent +
large
cell membrane called tonoplast .
9
Lysosome •
-
lysosome
It 's avescile that contains
that do the
digestive enzeymes
following :
-
digest Pathogens .
apoptosis programmed cell death
-
Digest the cellorpartof the cell .
10
Cytoskeleton ( microfillamint ,
microtubule )
it is a network ofproetin fibres
fix
organeles in place Pulling of chromosomes
-
-
movement of the cell
-
.
→
microtubule spindle
fiber
→ ←
microtubule
summary :
