CMS Practice Questions and answer

A nurse is caring for a group of infants with congenital heart defects. For which of the following defects should the nurse expect to observe cyanosis? A. Transposition of the great arteries B. Ventricular Septal Defect C. Coarctation of the Aorta D. Patent Ductus Ateriosus Correct Answer: A. Transposition of the great arteries An infant who has transposition of the great arteries will have severe cyanosis because reversal of the anatomical position of the aorta and pulmonary artery allows venous blood to enter the systemic circulation without oxygenation. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a child who has experienced diarrhea for the past 24 hr. Which of the following values for urine specific gravity should the nurse expect? A. 1.010 B. 1.035 C. 1.020 D. 1.005 Correct Answer: 1.035 is a concentrated specific gravity, which is an expected value for a child who is dehydrated; therefore, this is an expected urine specific gravity for a child who has experienced diarrhea for 24 hours. Incorrect Answers: A. 1.010 is within the expected reference range for urine specific gravity. C. 1.020 is within the expected reference range for urine specific gravity. D. 1.005 is decreased urine specific gravity, which could indicate excessive fluid intake rather than dehydration. A nurse is teaching the guardian of a preschooler. The guardian states that the preschooler has had an imaginary playmate for about 3 months. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse give the guardian? A. Children commonly begin having imaginary friends when they reach school age. B. Notify your provider if the imaginary friend persists longer than 6 months. C. Have your child take responsibility for actions I the tries to blame the imaginary friend. D. Set limits by not allowing your child to have the imaginary friend present during family meals. Correct Answer: Correct Answer: C. "Have your child take responsibility for actions if he tries to blame the imaginary friend." The nurse should inform the guardian that imaginary playmates are common during the preschool years due to the high level of imagination among this age group. Although having an imaginary friend is considered healthy, the preschooler might try to use this imaginary friend as a means of avoiding responsibility or punishment for unacceptable behavior. The nurse should inform the guardian of the need to have the preschooler take responsibility for his actions.