Unit 14: Applications of organic chemistry
A: Understand the structures, reactions, and properties of functional group
compounds
All alkenes undergo addition reactions with the hydrogen halides. A hydrogen atom joins to
one of the carbon atoms originally in the double bond, and a halogen atom to the other.
A functional group is a part of a molecule that is a group of bonded atoms. In organic
chemistry it is very common to see molecules consisting mainly of carbon skeletons with
functional groups attached to the chain. A functional group gives its properties to a molecule
regardless of which molecule it is. When naming it is necessary to identify the functional
group in the molecule. Functional groups are often used to "functionalize" a compound,
giving it different physical and chemical properties than what it has in its original form.
Functional groups cause the same kind of reaction regardless of the compound they are part
of. However, the presence of specific functional groups near may limit reactivity. Functional
groups can be used to distinguish similar compounds from each other.
Functional groups play an important role in directing and controlling organic reactions. Alkyl
chains are often non-reactive, and the reaction direction of specific sites is difficult. Along
with the presence of functional groups, unsaturated alkyl chains allow higher reactivity and
specificity. Often compounds are functionalized into specific groups for specific chemical
reactions. Functionalization refers to the addition of functional groups to a compound by
chemical synthesis. Routine synthesis methods allow all kinds of organic compounds to
A: Understand the structures, reactions, and properties of functional group
compounds
All alkenes undergo addition reactions with the hydrogen halides. A hydrogen atom joins to
one of the carbon atoms originally in the double bond, and a halogen atom to the other.
A functional group is a part of a molecule that is a group of bonded atoms. In organic
chemistry it is very common to see molecules consisting mainly of carbon skeletons with
functional groups attached to the chain. A functional group gives its properties to a molecule
regardless of which molecule it is. When naming it is necessary to identify the functional
group in the molecule. Functional groups are often used to "functionalize" a compound,
giving it different physical and chemical properties than what it has in its original form.
Functional groups cause the same kind of reaction regardless of the compound they are part
of. However, the presence of specific functional groups near may limit reactivity. Functional
groups can be used to distinguish similar compounds from each other.
Functional groups play an important role in directing and controlling organic reactions. Alkyl
chains are often non-reactive, and the reaction direction of specific sites is difficult. Along
with the presence of functional groups, unsaturated alkyl chains allow higher reactivity and
specificity. Often compounds are functionalized into specific groups for specific chemical
reactions. Functionalization refers to the addition of functional groups to a compound by
chemical synthesis. Routine synthesis methods allow all kinds of organic compounds to
