TABLE OF CONTENTS:
CIVIL RIGHTS & PROTESTS: AFRICAN AMERICANS CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Curriculum: 12
Nature & characteristics of discrimination: 12
1.1 The American system: 12
1.2 Black People in America: 12
1.3 Segregation & discrimination in the 1950s: 13
Jim Crow: 13
Ku Klux Klan: 14
Voting Rights: 14
The effect of WWII: 14
1.4 Emerging instability: 14
Tulsa Race Riot, 1921: 14
Wilmington, Atlanta & Elaine race riots (1920s): 15
Emmett Till’s murder, 1955: 15
Political opposition to Civil Rights: 15
1.5 Segregation & education: 15
Brown v. Board of Education decision (1954): 15
Result of the Case: 15
Significance: 15
Limitations: 16
Little Rock (1957): 16
Events: 16
Role of the government: 16
Results: 16
Protests & action: 17
2.1 Non-violent protests: 17
1955 –1956 — Montgomery bus boycott: 17
Series of events: 17
Why was it successful? 17
Importance of the boycott: 18
What happened after the boycott? 18
1960 — Greensboro sit-ins: 18
Results: 18
Significance: 19
1961 — Freedom Rides: 19
1962 — The James Meredith Case: 19
1963 — Birmingham Campaign: 19
1963 — March on Washington: 20
Significance: 20
1964 — Freedom Summer: 20
The Mississippi murders 20
1965 — Selma to Montgomery marches*: 20
1
, Results: 21
Black Power*: 21
Stokely Carmichael 21
The March Against Fear, 1966 21
The Mexico Olympics, 1968 21
Riots of 1964-67*: 21
Causes: 22
Impacts: 22
The Kerner Report (1968): 22
1966 — King’s campaign in the North*: 22
1968 — King’s assassination*: 23
Long-term impact: 23
1969 - 1975 — Progress*: 23
President Nixon: 23
2.2 Legislative changes: 23
Civil Rights Act, 1957: 23
Civil Rights Act, 1960: 24
Civil Rights Act, 1964: 24
24th amendment, 1964: 24
The Voting Rights Act, 1965: 24
Fair Housing Act, 1968: 25
The role & significance of key individuals & groups: 25
3.1 The role of key individuals: 25
Martin Luther King Jr.: 25
Birmingham Confrontation Campaign – 'Letter from a Birmingham Jail': 25
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom –“I Have a Dream" 25
Helped Organise the Selma to Montgomery March: 26
More on his Significance: 26
Historiography 26
Malcolm X: 27
Beliefs: 27
Assassination : 27
Lyndon B. Johnson: 27
Criticism: 27
3.2 The role of key organisations: 28
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): 28
Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE): 28
Southern Christian Leadership Committee (SCLC): 28
Student Nonviolent Committee (SNCC): 28
Nation Of Islam (NOI): 29
The Black Panther Party (BPP)*: 29
2
,CIVIL RIGHTS & PROTESTS: APARTHEID: SOUTH AFRICA (1948 - 1964)
Curriculum: 31
The origins of Apartheid: 31
1.1 Background: 31
Nature & characteristics of discrimination: 32
2.1 System of segregation: 32
Petty Apartheid: 32
Grand Apartheid: 32
2.2 Division & classification of the population: 32
The Population Registration Act 1950: 32
2.3 Segregation of populations & amenities: 33
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1945: 33
Immorality Act, 1950: 33
Bantu Building Workers Act, 1951: 33
Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, 1951: 33
Pass Laws Act, 1952: 33
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953: 34
2.4 Creation of townships & forced removals: 34
Group Areas Act, 1950: 34
2.5 Segregation of Education: 35
Bantu Education Act, 1953: 35
The Extension of University Education Act, 1959: 36
2.6 Bantustan system: 36
The Bantu Authorities Act, 1951: 36
The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, 1959: 36
Impact on individuals: 36
Protests & action: 36
3.1 Non-violent protests: 36
Defiance Campaign, 1952: 37
Bus boycotts, 1957: 37
Alexandria bus boycott, January 1957 37
Freedom Charter, 1955: 38
3.2 Increasing violence: 38
The Sharpeville massacre, 1960: 38
The decision to adopt the armed struggle: 39
3.3 Official response: 39
The Rivonia trial, 1963–1964: 39
The role & significance of key individuals & groups: 41
4.1 The role of key individuals: 41
Nelson Mandela: 41
Albert Luthuli: 41
4.2 The role of key groups: 41
The African National Congress (ANC): 42
3
, South African Communist Party (SACP): 42
Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK): 43
THE COLD WAR: SUPERPOWER TENSIONS & RIVALRIES
Curriculum: 45
Growth & tensions: Origins of the Cold War, 1943-55 46
1.1 The formation of the Grand Alliance: 46
The ideology of the Cold War 46
The Grand Alliance, 1941-5 46
The liberation of Europe, 1943-5 47
The Warsaw Uprising, August 1944 47
The opening of a second front 47
1.2 The wartime conferences, 1943-5: 47
Oct 1944 — The Percentages Agreement: 48
1.3 The emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe, 1945-9: 49
The ‘Iron Curtain’, 1946 49
1946 — The Telegrams: 49
Truman Doctrine & the Marshall Plan: 49
Truman doctrine, March 1947: 49
Marshall Plan, June 1947: 50
COMINFORM & COMECON: 50
Red Army Occupation of Eastern Europe 1945-47: 51
Czechoslovak Coup Feb 1948: 51
1.4 The Berlin blockade: 52
1.5 The atom bomb & Soviet achievement of nuclear parity: 54
1.6 Emergence of superpower rivalry in Asia, 1945-9: 55
1.7 Communist success in China & its relations with the USA & USSR, 1946-9: 56
The Chinese Civil War: 56
Nationalists & Communists in China, 1927-45: 56
The Wannan Incident, 1941: 56
Mao’s strategy, 1944-5 56
Chiang’s response: 56
The surrender of Japan, August 1945: 57
Mao’s economic & social policies: 57
Soviet & US policy in China, 1945: 58
The USSR: 58
The USA: 58
The Chongqing negotiations, August to October 1945: 58
Soviet-US tensions in Manchuria: 58
The Marshall Mission: 59
Defeat of the Nationalists, 1945-9: 59
Soviet assistance to the CCP, 1948-9: 59
The USA: 59
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CIVIL RIGHTS & PROTESTS: AFRICAN AMERICANS CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Curriculum: 12
Nature & characteristics of discrimination: 12
1.1 The American system: 12
1.2 Black People in America: 12
1.3 Segregation & discrimination in the 1950s: 13
Jim Crow: 13
Ku Klux Klan: 14
Voting Rights: 14
The effect of WWII: 14
1.4 Emerging instability: 14
Tulsa Race Riot, 1921: 14
Wilmington, Atlanta & Elaine race riots (1920s): 15
Emmett Till’s murder, 1955: 15
Political opposition to Civil Rights: 15
1.5 Segregation & education: 15
Brown v. Board of Education decision (1954): 15
Result of the Case: 15
Significance: 15
Limitations: 16
Little Rock (1957): 16
Events: 16
Role of the government: 16
Results: 16
Protests & action: 17
2.1 Non-violent protests: 17
1955 –1956 — Montgomery bus boycott: 17
Series of events: 17
Why was it successful? 17
Importance of the boycott: 18
What happened after the boycott? 18
1960 — Greensboro sit-ins: 18
Results: 18
Significance: 19
1961 — Freedom Rides: 19
1962 — The James Meredith Case: 19
1963 — Birmingham Campaign: 19
1963 — March on Washington: 20
Significance: 20
1964 — Freedom Summer: 20
The Mississippi murders 20
1965 — Selma to Montgomery marches*: 20
1
, Results: 21
Black Power*: 21
Stokely Carmichael 21
The March Against Fear, 1966 21
The Mexico Olympics, 1968 21
Riots of 1964-67*: 21
Causes: 22
Impacts: 22
The Kerner Report (1968): 22
1966 — King’s campaign in the North*: 22
1968 — King’s assassination*: 23
Long-term impact: 23
1969 - 1975 — Progress*: 23
President Nixon: 23
2.2 Legislative changes: 23
Civil Rights Act, 1957: 23
Civil Rights Act, 1960: 24
Civil Rights Act, 1964: 24
24th amendment, 1964: 24
The Voting Rights Act, 1965: 24
Fair Housing Act, 1968: 25
The role & significance of key individuals & groups: 25
3.1 The role of key individuals: 25
Martin Luther King Jr.: 25
Birmingham Confrontation Campaign – 'Letter from a Birmingham Jail': 25
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom –“I Have a Dream" 25
Helped Organise the Selma to Montgomery March: 26
More on his Significance: 26
Historiography 26
Malcolm X: 27
Beliefs: 27
Assassination : 27
Lyndon B. Johnson: 27
Criticism: 27
3.2 The role of key organisations: 28
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): 28
Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE): 28
Southern Christian Leadership Committee (SCLC): 28
Student Nonviolent Committee (SNCC): 28
Nation Of Islam (NOI): 29
The Black Panther Party (BPP)*: 29
2
,CIVIL RIGHTS & PROTESTS: APARTHEID: SOUTH AFRICA (1948 - 1964)
Curriculum: 31
The origins of Apartheid: 31
1.1 Background: 31
Nature & characteristics of discrimination: 32
2.1 System of segregation: 32
Petty Apartheid: 32
Grand Apartheid: 32
2.2 Division & classification of the population: 32
The Population Registration Act 1950: 32
2.3 Segregation of populations & amenities: 33
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1945: 33
Immorality Act, 1950: 33
Bantu Building Workers Act, 1951: 33
Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, 1951: 33
Pass Laws Act, 1952: 33
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953: 34
2.4 Creation of townships & forced removals: 34
Group Areas Act, 1950: 34
2.5 Segregation of Education: 35
Bantu Education Act, 1953: 35
The Extension of University Education Act, 1959: 36
2.6 Bantustan system: 36
The Bantu Authorities Act, 1951: 36
The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act, 1959: 36
Impact on individuals: 36
Protests & action: 36
3.1 Non-violent protests: 36
Defiance Campaign, 1952: 37
Bus boycotts, 1957: 37
Alexandria bus boycott, January 1957 37
Freedom Charter, 1955: 38
3.2 Increasing violence: 38
The Sharpeville massacre, 1960: 38
The decision to adopt the armed struggle: 39
3.3 Official response: 39
The Rivonia trial, 1963–1964: 39
The role & significance of key individuals & groups: 41
4.1 The role of key individuals: 41
Nelson Mandela: 41
Albert Luthuli: 41
4.2 The role of key groups: 41
The African National Congress (ANC): 42
3
, South African Communist Party (SACP): 42
Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK): 43
THE COLD WAR: SUPERPOWER TENSIONS & RIVALRIES
Curriculum: 45
Growth & tensions: Origins of the Cold War, 1943-55 46
1.1 The formation of the Grand Alliance: 46
The ideology of the Cold War 46
The Grand Alliance, 1941-5 46
The liberation of Europe, 1943-5 47
The Warsaw Uprising, August 1944 47
The opening of a second front 47
1.2 The wartime conferences, 1943-5: 47
Oct 1944 — The Percentages Agreement: 48
1.3 The emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe, 1945-9: 49
The ‘Iron Curtain’, 1946 49
1946 — The Telegrams: 49
Truman Doctrine & the Marshall Plan: 49
Truman doctrine, March 1947: 49
Marshall Plan, June 1947: 50
COMINFORM & COMECON: 50
Red Army Occupation of Eastern Europe 1945-47: 51
Czechoslovak Coup Feb 1948: 51
1.4 The Berlin blockade: 52
1.5 The atom bomb & Soviet achievement of nuclear parity: 54
1.6 Emergence of superpower rivalry in Asia, 1945-9: 55
1.7 Communist success in China & its relations with the USA & USSR, 1946-9: 56
The Chinese Civil War: 56
Nationalists & Communists in China, 1927-45: 56
The Wannan Incident, 1941: 56
Mao’s strategy, 1944-5 56
Chiang’s response: 56
The surrender of Japan, August 1945: 57
Mao’s economic & social policies: 57
Soviet & US policy in China, 1945: 58
The USSR: 58
The USA: 58
The Chongqing negotiations, August to October 1945: 58
Soviet-US tensions in Manchuria: 58
The Marshall Mission: 59
Defeat of the Nationalists, 1945-9: 59
Soviet assistance to the CCP, 1948-9: 59
The USA: 59
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