BIOS-135 Week 4 Midterm Exam (Multiple Choice, Short & Essay Questions) | ALL 100% CORRECT ANSWERS | Download To Score An A

(TCO 1) Which of the statements below best describes a hypothesis? An explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence A widely accepted theory that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence A tentative answer to some question A widely accepted idea about a phenomenon The same as a theory See Chapter 1. (TCO 1) Deductive reasoning is used to make based on a hypothesis. data theories statistical tests correlations predictions See Chapter 1. (TCO 1) Each of the following is a testable hypothesis, except which of the following? Avoiding contact with other people reduces the chance of catching a cold. Taking zinc lozenges at the first sign of cold symptoms reduces throat irritation. Being a good driver makes you less likely to catch a cold. Sleeping 8 hours a night reduces the severity of a cold. All of the above are testable hypotheses. See Chapter 1. (TCO 2) The formation of a liquid from a solid is known as . evaporation deposition freezing melting sublimation See Chapter 2. Solids melt to form liquids. (TCO 2) A single-serve box of cereal contains 40 g of carbohydrate. How many kcal are obtained from the carbohydrate in the cereal? 10 kcal 20 kcal 40 kcal 360 kcal 160 kcal See Chapter2. 40 g (4 kcal/g) = 160 kcal. (TCO 2) Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? A roller coaster car at the top of a hill Water stored in a reservoir Burning wood An apple An unopened soda bottle See Chapter 2. (TCO 2) Which of the following is a not a homogeneous mixture? 5% glucose IV solution Iced tea Salt water Skim milk Ice cream float See Chapter 3. (TCO 3) During cellular respiration, energy is released. Cellular respiration is classified as a(n) . catalyzed reaction exothermic reaction decomposition reaction endothermic reaction oxidation-reduction reaction See Chapter 5. (TCO 3) Emily has a box that contains 0.01 mole of aluminum. How many particles of aluminum are in the box? 6.02 3.01 × 1021 3.01 × 1022 6.02 × 1022 6.02 × 1021 See Chapter 5. (TCO 3) How many atoms of phosphate are found in a molecule of Zn3(PO4)2? Two Four One Eight Three See Chapter 4. Each PO43- ion has one P atom. There are two PO43- ions, so there are two total P atoms. (TCO 4) Which of the following describes the purpose of a buffer? A buffer is used to change color at the end point of a titration. A buffer helps maintain the pH of a solution. A buffer acts as a strong base. A buffer helps maintain a neutral pH. A buffer acts as a strong acid. See Chapter 7. (TCO 4) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) accepts a proton from water. Which of the statements listed below is true according to Bronsted-Lowry definitions? Sodium hydroxide is a base. Sodium hydroxide is an acid. Sodium hydroxide produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions. Sodium hydroxide acts as a solvent. Sodium hydroxide is neutral. See Chapter 7. (TCO 4) How much 0.70 M HNO3 could you make from 200 mL of 1.40 M HNO3? 100 mL 196 mL 400 mL 83 mL 0.075 mL See Chapter 6. V1C1 = V2C2. 200 mL 1.40 M = V2 0.70 M. V2 = (200 mL 1.40 M) 0.70 M = 400 mL. (TCO 5) Amides and carboxylic acids are related in that they . each contain at least one nitrogen atom both contain carbonyl groups each contain at least two oxygen atoms both form acidic solutions in water See Chapter 8. (TCO 5) Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is true? The monomers of cellulose are held together by covalent bonds, whereas the monomers of starch are held together by hydrogen bonds. Cellulose is made by animals, and starch is made only by plants. Starch is easily digested, but few animals can break down cellulose. Starch is made of glucose monomers, and cellulose is made of fructose monomers. All of the above See Chapter 8. (TCO 6) How are a chloroplast, a mitochondrion, and a nucleus similar? They are all surrounded by two membranes. They are all green. They are all found in prokaryotes. They are all manufactured by the nucleolus. They are all able to synthesize lipids. See Chapter 9. (TCO 6) Which of the following terms describes where substrate binds on an enzyme? Active site Primary structure Inhibitor site Conformation Denatured See Chapter 9. (TCO 6) An animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which will happen? The cell will lyse. The cell will experience turgor. Nothing will happen. The cell will shrivel. The cell will lose water. See Chapter 9. (TCO 7) Which of the following summarizes the process of aerobic cellular respiration? Glucose > lactic acid + energy Energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen + water Glucose > ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy Glucose + lactose > galactose + water Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy See Chapter 11. (TCO 7) Jasmine is running in a 10 K race. After the halfway point, her muscles need more oxygen than her blood can provide. Which happens now? Her muscles are working anaerobically. She is past her aerobic capacity. Her muscle cells start producing lactic acid. All of the above None of the above See Chapter 9. (TCO 7) Which waste product does yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? Ethyl alcohol Pyruvic acid Lactic acid Glucosamine Creatine See Chapter 11. (TCO 7) The energy from breaking down glucose is during respiration. transferred to starch used to manufacture glucose by exergonic reactions released all at once carried by electrons None of the above See Chapter 11. (TCO 7) How many ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration? See Chapter 11. (TCO 7) The first stage of aerobic respiration is . the Calvin cycle the electron transport chain the citric acid cycle lactic acid fermentation glycolysis See Chapter 11. (TCO 7) Anaerobic respiration occurs . without bacteria without ATP without CO2 with O2 without O2 See Chapter 11. (TCO 6) Discuss the differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. You must list both differences and similarities for full credit. Your Answer: Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells, and their structure is much simpler. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes don’t have membrane-enclosed organelles. In a eukaryotic cell, there’s a nucleus surrounded by a double-membrane. But prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus, so its DNA is housed in a “nucleoid region, which, unlike a true nucleus, is not partitioned from the rest of the cell by membranes” (Cherif, n.d., pg. 323). Essentially, a prokaryote is like a house with an open floor plan. There are specific areas in which certain tasks are completed, but they’re not separated by walls or partitioned. By contrast, a eukaryote is like an office building. Each function is performed in a specific compartment, closed off from other segments of the cell. Prokaryotic cells have also been around about 1.4 billion years longer than eukaryotic cells. Despite their many differences, prokaryotes and eukaryotes do have some similarities. They both house DNA, for example. They just do it in different ways. And they both perform specific tasks in specific areas, though the barriers aren’t the same. They also both have plasma membranes that help “regulate the traffic of molecules between the cells and their surroundings” (Cherif, n.d., pg. 324). Reference Cherif, A. Foundations of Modern Biology and Chemistry, 1st Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from