Summary Biology OCR A: Hormonal Communication (A*)

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Summary

Summary Biology OCR A: Hormonal Communication (A*)

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In depth detailed notes on Hormonal Communication based on the OCR A A-level Biology specification. The notes are embedded with marking points taken directly from past papers, sample papers and question banks. The notes are neat, detailed and organised.

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14 HORMONAL COMMUNICATION
systemuseshormonesto
Endocrine sendinformationaboutchangesintheenvironmentaroundthebodytobringabouta coordinated
response

TheEndocrineSystem
made
upofendocrineglands
ENDOCRINEGLAND group
ofcellsspecialisedtosecretechemicalsknownashormones
directlyintobloodstream
examples ofendocrineglandspancreasandadrenalgland
pituitaryGlandmaster
gland
at ofthe
base brain
thereleaseofotherhormones
makesseveralhormoneswhichinturncontrol
hormonalresponses arecloselylinkedandcoordinated
hypothalamusensures nervousand
closeproximityto

EXOCRINE GLANDS Secrete chemicalsthroughductsintoorgans ortothesurfaceofthebody

Hormones
chemicalmessengers thatcarryinformationfromone
partofthebodytoanother
Theycanbe
steroids

proteins amines
glycoproteins tyrosinederivatives

Whenarehormonesdirectlysecretedintobloodstream
changein concentrationof a particularsubstance
anotherhormone
impulse

Oncesecreted thehormones aretransported inthebloodplasma all overthebodyThehormones
diffuseoutofthebloodandbindtospecificreceptors forthathormonefoundonmembranes orcytoplasm
ofcellsintargetorgans
TARGETCELLS

, TypeofHormone determineseffecton a targetcell

STEROIDHORMONES

lipidsoluble
passthroughlipidcomponentofthecellmembrane andbindtosteroidhormone receptors
thisforms HORMONERECEPTORCOMPLEX
receptorsmaybepresent incytoplasmornucleus depending on hormone

hormonereceptorcomplexacts as a transcriptionfactorwhichthenfacilitatesorinhibitsthe
transcription ofaspecificgene
example Oestrogen

NONSTEROIDHORMONES
thecellmembrane
hydrophilic cannotpassdirectlythrough
theybindtospecificreceptors onthecellsurfacemembraneoftargetcell
triggersacascadereactionmediatedbychemicalscalledSECOND MESSENGERS

example Adrenaline

Hormonal V Neuronal

Hormones areslowed and lessspeafic comparedtoneuronalcommunication
because hormonesnotdirectly released intotargetcells
Hormones havea ungerlastingandwidespreadefted

notbrokendown asquickly as neurotransmitters

Connected book

Ann Fullick, Jo Locke A Level Biology A for OCR Student Book

Publisher: april 2015 ISBN: 9780198351917 Edition: 1

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Study Level: A/AS Level
Subject: Biology A
Summarized whole book?: No
Which chapters are summarized?: Chapter 14
Uploaded on: November 4, 2022
Number of pages: 14
Written in: 2022/2023
Type: Summary

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