med surg 2 final.docx

med surg 2 Chapters 14 The irreversible stage=use of mechanical ventilation, altered consciousness, and profound acidosis. The compensation stage = decreased urinary output, confusion, and respiratory alkalosis. BP normal respirations are above 20 heart rate is above 100 but below 150 serum sodium and blood glucose levels are elevated The progressive stage =metabolic acidosis, lethargy, and rapid, shallow respirations. BP can no longer compensate the MAP falls below normal limits. Patients are clinically hypotensive; SBP of less than 90 mm Hg four main categories of shock are hypovolemic CVP reading is typically low in hypovolemic shock. circulatory (distributive), obstructive, cardiogenic, depending on the cause Vasoactive medications should be administered through a central venous line, because infiltration and extravasation of some vasoactive medications can cause tissue necrosis and sloughing. An IV pump must be used to ensure that the medications are delivered safely and accurately. These medications are not given by IM or by rapid IV push. neurogenic shock. parasympathetic stimulation. the client flat and elevates his or her feet. s/sx dry, warm skin, bradycardia, hypotension