Time Period: 1840-1852
The Permanent Indian Frontier
5.5.2021
Early US policy → Indians.
1829 - Andrew Jackson becomes president.
1830 - Indian removal act.
1838 - The removal process was completed.
The 1840s - The Great Plains became a barrier for the settlers moving.
1849 - The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was moved from the War Department to the
Department of the Interior.
1851 - Indian Appropriations Act, Set up legally recognized Indian reservations.
● 1865 → Indians forced to live on reservations
● Reservations got smaller + less attractive
● Whites killed off buffalo
● Pawnee supported the government against Sioux
● Apaches = v. aggressive towards whites
● Known as “Indian Wars”
● US government broke a lot of promises
Indian Wars →
● 1864 - Sand Creek Massacre
● Fetterman 1866 Massacre (Crazy horse)
Date signed 17 September 1851
Groups of people Arapahoe, Cheyenne, Crow, and Sioux
involved
Agreements made ● The Plain Indians promised not to attack settlers
● In return, each nation would have an agreed hunting area
Negotiators’ They believed that the responsibility for Indian affairs should be
response to the treat kept within the Bureau of Indian affairs
Exterminators’ Believed that the Indians were savages
response to the treaty
Shorter-term impact Tensions relaxed
of the treaty
4 reasons peace ● 1858 Colorado gold rush
didn’t last ● Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
● Organized transport links
, ● Not all Indians felt bound by treaty
The Permanent Indian Frontier
5.5.2021
Early US policy → Indians.
1829 - Andrew Jackson becomes president.
1830 - Indian removal act.
1838 - The removal process was completed.
The 1840s - The Great Plains became a barrier for the settlers moving.
1849 - The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was moved from the War Department to the
Department of the Interior.
1851 - Indian Appropriations Act, Set up legally recognized Indian reservations.
● 1865 → Indians forced to live on reservations
● Reservations got smaller + less attractive
● Whites killed off buffalo
● Pawnee supported the government against Sioux
● Apaches = v. aggressive towards whites
● Known as “Indian Wars”
● US government broke a lot of promises
Indian Wars →
● 1864 - Sand Creek Massacre
● Fetterman 1866 Massacre (Crazy horse)
Date signed 17 September 1851
Groups of people Arapahoe, Cheyenne, Crow, and Sioux
involved
Agreements made ● The Plain Indians promised not to attack settlers
● In return, each nation would have an agreed hunting area
Negotiators’ They believed that the responsibility for Indian affairs should be
response to the treat kept within the Bureau of Indian affairs
Exterminators’ Believed that the Indians were savages
response to the treaty
Shorter-term impact Tensions relaxed
of the treaty
4 reasons peace ● 1858 Colorado gold rush
didn’t last ● Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
● Organized transport links
, ● Not all Indians felt bound by treaty
