HESI Adaptive Quizzing - GI System & GI Assessment Questions with Answer Rationale

HESI Adaptive Quizzing - GI System & GI Assessment Questions with Answer Rationale HESI Adaptive Quizzing - GI System & GI Assessment Questions with Answer Rationale When examining a patient's mouth, the nurse notes white curd-like lesions surrounded by erythematous mucosa. Which condition does the nurse suspect? a) Cheilitis b) Glossitis c) Candidiasis d) Leukoplakia c) Candidiasis Candidiasis manifests as white curd-like lesions that are surrounded by erythematous lesions in the mouth. Cheilitis is inflammation of the lips with fissuring, scaling, and crusting. Glossitis manifests as a reddened, ulcerated, swollen tongue. Leukoplakia refers to the presence of thick white patches on the tongue. The nurse is performing a focused abdominal assessment of a hospitalized patient. To palpate the patient's liver, where should the nurse palpate the patient's abdomen? a) Left lower quadrant b) Left upper quadrant c) Right lower quadrant d) Right upper quadrant d) Right upper quadrant Although the left lobe of the liver is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, the bulk of the liver is located in the right upper quadrant. The liver is not located in the right lower quadrant or the left lower quadrant. Only the left lobe of the liver is located in the left upper quadrant. Which cells protect the mucosa of the small intestine? a) Chief cells b) Kupffer cells c) Parietal cells d) Intestinal goblet cells d) Intestinal goblet cells The intestinal goblet cells secrete mucus and protect the mucosa of the small intestine. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen that helps in protein digestion. Kupffer cells carry out phagocytic activity. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which acts as a catalyst for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin. A patient's history includes long-term treatment for arthritis and atherosclerosis. During a followup visit, the nurse finds that the patient has upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Which medication in the patient's prescriptions may be responsible for this condition? a) Aspirin b) Simvastatin c) Amiodarone d) Acetaminophen a) Aspirin Aspirin is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat arthritis. Prolonged use of aspirin can cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a side effect. Simvastatin and amiodarone are used to lower the risk of stroke and heart attack and may cause hepatotoxicity as a side effect. Chronic high doses of acetaminophen may cause hepatotoxicity in the patient. Which gastrointestinal secretion helps in the absorption of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins? a) Bile b) Ptyalin c) Lactase d) Peptidases a) Bile Bile helps in the absorption of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. Ptyalin is an enzyme that helps in the initiation of starch digestion. Lactase helps in the conversion of lactose to glucose and galactose. Peptidases help in protein digestion. Which muscle guards the exit from the stomach? a) Rectus muscle b) Abdominal muscle c) Pyloric sphincter muscle d) Cricopharyngeal muscle c) Pyloric sphincter muscle The pyloric sphincter guards the exit from the stomach. The rectus muscle helps flex the torso and spine in the abdominal region. Abdominal muscles hold the abdominal organs in place. The cricopharyngeal muscle helps in peristaltic movement of the pharynx. Inspection of an older patient's mouth reveals the presence of white, curd-like lesions on the patient's tongue. The nurse suspects that the condition is caused by what? a) Herpes virus b) Candida albicans c) Vitamin deficiency d) Irritation from ill-fitting dentures b) Candida albicans