Unit 6a investigate projects-
Project
how substate hydrogen peroxide concentration affects catalyse activity in potatoes.
Literature review
Research and summarise 3 pieces of literature about your topic
Enzymes are protein which increases the speed of reaction and that is called a catalyst. the
function of the catalyst is to change the rate of reaction without changing itself. Enzymes
only influence the rate of reaction and having nothing to do with the formation of the
products. The importance of enzymes in our day-to-day life is unimaginable as it is used in
the digestion of the food the mechanism in chemical reaction. The enzyme has an active site
it has a specific shape which binds to the substrate it forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
In addition to the active site having a specific shape this causes each enzyme to catalyse a
particular substrate and this theory is called the induced fit model which is when the substrate
binds to the active site and this changes both shapes which form the catalysis. (biology online
, 2019)
Hydrogen peroxide Is made in respiration and is formed and produced in all living cells.
Hydrogen peroxide is product which need to be removed as it is harmful to all living cells
enzyme catalyse is produced to remove the hydrogen peroxide to the living cells. (royal
society of biology, 2011). Hydrogen peroxide is broken down into smaller molecules and this
is called a catabolic process and it breaks down into hydrogen and water which will reduce
and prevent the spreading of this harmful product. (anon, 2013). The role of the enzymes is to
increase the rate of reaction by reducing or lowering of the activation energy.
(anon, 2013)
Temperature
The temperature influences the enzyme. There is a range of temperature which is in a fixed
limit which is called the optimum temperature which is between 37 degrees and 40 degrees.
If the temperature increases above the optimal temperature the activity of the enzymes
decreases up to a specific temperature and this is when the enzyme activity does not function
due to the active site changing shape. However, if the temperature decreases under the
optimal temperature the enzyme activity can still function but not at its full capacity but when
the temperature reaches 0 degrees the enzyme activity does not function anymore. This is
known as when the enzyme denatures in both cases. (Anon, 2013)
Effect of pH
Enzymes are affected by the PH because the ph in enzymes is acidic because of the
carboxylic group and amino groups which have an effect of it being acidic. When ph is
changed from acidic to alkali the enzyme is affected because the enzymes have an optimal ph
and if it is higher or lower than that activity of the enzymes is lowered until it cannot
function. (Anon, 2021)
Concentration of the enzyme-
When the concentration of enzymes is increased this also increases the speed of the reaction,
but this is only possible if there is enough substrate for the active site to bind to but if there is
no substrate unavailable this will have no effect as the reaction will not increases as there is
not enough substrate to bind to the active site and this will eventually stop this reaction.
(Anon, 2021)
, Concentration of the substrate-
Increasing the substrate concentration will increase the rate of reaction but until there is not
enough enzyme to bind to this substrate will cause a stop to the reaction. (Anon, 2021)
Project proposal
Aims what will I find out-
The aim of this experiment is to find out how the concentration of hydrogen peroxide
influences the rate of rection of the enzyme catalyse. For this to work the temperature and
also the ph has to be kept constant while changing the hydrogen peroxide concentration from
time to time.
Null hypothesis- the null hypothesis for this reaction is increasing the concentration of
catalyse which is the enzyme has no effect on volume of oxygen produced.
Hypothesis-
The hypothesis for this experiment is by increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide
this increases the volume of oxygen produced and rate of oxygen. The reason for this there is
more substate which can bind onto the active site. The more substrates there are the increases
the rate of reaction and also the active site will increase which will have a knock-on effect
and increases the volume of oxygen produced. (Mahajan, 2019)
The independent variable
Concentration of hydrogen peroxide.
The dependent variable
The volume of gas produced in the experiment
Control variable- control the temperature because if there is a higher temperature there is a
faster reaction time this means the volume of oxygen produced is going to be higher but if the
temperature goes beyond the optimal temperature this will cause the enzymes to stop its
function and not work. The way this will need to controlled is that you do the experiment in
the same room temperature and also the same room this will causes the results to be more
accurate and fairer by keeping the temperature the same.
Method 1
This method focuses on the volume of oxygen produced in the experiment.
1.) First you split the potato into three parts.
2.) Then you must keep one part of the potato at room temperature.
3.) Place the second section of the potato in the freezer for about 30 minutes.
4.) For the last potato boil it for at least 5 minutes.
5.) Mash a specific part of the potato which is at room temperature and put this into the
beaker.
6.) Then pour 25 cm3 into all three-hydrogen peroxide to the beaker which has been
mashed up and placed into the beaker.
7.) Repeats the step 5 to 6 for the section of the potato which is placed in the freezer
and the section of the potato which is boiled and place it into two different beakers.
Project
how substate hydrogen peroxide concentration affects catalyse activity in potatoes.
Literature review
Research and summarise 3 pieces of literature about your topic
Enzymes are protein which increases the speed of reaction and that is called a catalyst. the
function of the catalyst is to change the rate of reaction without changing itself. Enzymes
only influence the rate of reaction and having nothing to do with the formation of the
products. The importance of enzymes in our day-to-day life is unimaginable as it is used in
the digestion of the food the mechanism in chemical reaction. The enzyme has an active site
it has a specific shape which binds to the substrate it forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
In addition to the active site having a specific shape this causes each enzyme to catalyse a
particular substrate and this theory is called the induced fit model which is when the substrate
binds to the active site and this changes both shapes which form the catalysis. (biology online
, 2019)
Hydrogen peroxide Is made in respiration and is formed and produced in all living cells.
Hydrogen peroxide is product which need to be removed as it is harmful to all living cells
enzyme catalyse is produced to remove the hydrogen peroxide to the living cells. (royal
society of biology, 2011). Hydrogen peroxide is broken down into smaller molecules and this
is called a catabolic process and it breaks down into hydrogen and water which will reduce
and prevent the spreading of this harmful product. (anon, 2013). The role of the enzymes is to
increase the rate of reaction by reducing or lowering of the activation energy.
(anon, 2013)
Temperature
The temperature influences the enzyme. There is a range of temperature which is in a fixed
limit which is called the optimum temperature which is between 37 degrees and 40 degrees.
If the temperature increases above the optimal temperature the activity of the enzymes
decreases up to a specific temperature and this is when the enzyme activity does not function
due to the active site changing shape. However, if the temperature decreases under the
optimal temperature the enzyme activity can still function but not at its full capacity but when
the temperature reaches 0 degrees the enzyme activity does not function anymore. This is
known as when the enzyme denatures in both cases. (Anon, 2013)
Effect of pH
Enzymes are affected by the PH because the ph in enzymes is acidic because of the
carboxylic group and amino groups which have an effect of it being acidic. When ph is
changed from acidic to alkali the enzyme is affected because the enzymes have an optimal ph
and if it is higher or lower than that activity of the enzymes is lowered until it cannot
function. (Anon, 2021)
Concentration of the enzyme-
When the concentration of enzymes is increased this also increases the speed of the reaction,
but this is only possible if there is enough substrate for the active site to bind to but if there is
no substrate unavailable this will have no effect as the reaction will not increases as there is
not enough substrate to bind to the active site and this will eventually stop this reaction.
(Anon, 2021)
, Concentration of the substrate-
Increasing the substrate concentration will increase the rate of reaction but until there is not
enough enzyme to bind to this substrate will cause a stop to the reaction. (Anon, 2021)
Project proposal
Aims what will I find out-
The aim of this experiment is to find out how the concentration of hydrogen peroxide
influences the rate of rection of the enzyme catalyse. For this to work the temperature and
also the ph has to be kept constant while changing the hydrogen peroxide concentration from
time to time.
Null hypothesis- the null hypothesis for this reaction is increasing the concentration of
catalyse which is the enzyme has no effect on volume of oxygen produced.
Hypothesis-
The hypothesis for this experiment is by increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide
this increases the volume of oxygen produced and rate of oxygen. The reason for this there is
more substate which can bind onto the active site. The more substrates there are the increases
the rate of reaction and also the active site will increase which will have a knock-on effect
and increases the volume of oxygen produced. (Mahajan, 2019)
The independent variable
Concentration of hydrogen peroxide.
The dependent variable
The volume of gas produced in the experiment
Control variable- control the temperature because if there is a higher temperature there is a
faster reaction time this means the volume of oxygen produced is going to be higher but if the
temperature goes beyond the optimal temperature this will cause the enzymes to stop its
function and not work. The way this will need to controlled is that you do the experiment in
the same room temperature and also the same room this will causes the results to be more
accurate and fairer by keeping the temperature the same.
Method 1
This method focuses on the volume of oxygen produced in the experiment.
1.) First you split the potato into three parts.
2.) Then you must keep one part of the potato at room temperature.
3.) Place the second section of the potato in the freezer for about 30 minutes.
4.) For the last potato boil it for at least 5 minutes.
5.) Mash a specific part of the potato which is at room temperature and put this into the
beaker.
6.) Then pour 25 cm3 into all three-hydrogen peroxide to the beaker which has been
mashed up and placed into the beaker.
7.) Repeats the step 5 to 6 for the section of the potato which is placed in the freezer
and the section of the potato which is boiled and place it into two different beakers.
