Module: TM129
Assignment: EMA
Page 1 of 20
,Part 1.
a) Layer 3 of the OSI model is the network layer, also known as the layer
where routing takes place, a routers main role is to forward incoming
packets by looking at the layer 3 source and destination to decide
which path to take (Stephens, 2011). Most LANs connect to a router as
a central point between the LAN and the Internet. It uses the internet IP
address and designates devices on the LAN with their own IP address
which cannot be seen out side of the LAN (Hypertech Direct, 2021) and
cannot be accessed without permission.
A layer 3 switch combines the functionality of a router and a switch. It
connects devices on the same LAN at incredibly high speeds and
doubles as a router to inspect incoming packets and make decisions
based on the source and destination and forward data based on
destination IP addresses
Word count: 142
b) There are two techniques used by OS to schedule processes. Pre-
emptive scheduling is used when switching from running or waiting
state to ready. Cycles are allotted to a process for a limited time and
if required, placed back in the ready queue if burst time remains and
executed again at the next opportunity.
Non-Pre-Emptive scheduling is used when a process switches from
running to a waiting state. The CPU hold the process or cycle until it
has completed its burst time or reaches a waiting state before
allocating CPU to another process.
Page 2 of 20
, Four concurrent processes to illustrate how the order of execution
changes according to technique chosen:
CPU Scheduling Type How Order of
Algorithm Execution Changes
First Come First Serve Non-Pre-Emptive First process to arrive
(FCFS) and runs until
completion before
moving to the next in
line
Shortest Job First (SJF) Pre-Emptive Processes based on
Non-Pre-emptive shortest execution time
first.
Round Robin Scheduling Pre-Emptive Allocated equal
(RRS) amounts of time to
each process. If time
expires, it is added to
the end of a circular
queue and the first in
queue starts again.
Multilevel Queue (MLQ) Pre-Emptive Partition ready queue
Non-Pre-emptive into several queues,
each queue has its on
scheduling algorithm.
Word count: 108
c) The development of advanced robots and AI raises many issues,
among them the ethical and social considerations. The UK
Government released a study in 2021 suggesting that “AI will drive a
skill-biased technological change and will widen existing earning
differentials”. Essentially, the lowest paid within the communities will
be most affected by the growing advancement and usage of AI and
robots.
However, in the coming years AI will aid professionals to work more
efficiently and the education sector will advance to educate students
according to their abilities, thus creating generations of
individualisation to meet the skills demand that new jobs will create
(Anderson and Rainie, 2018).
In conclusion, I believe that the development on AI will benefit our
future generations. But with the pandemic of disinformation, Science
must do better to fight “fake news” and when it comes to explaining
to non-experts what it actually means, or advancements will be slow.
Page 3 of 20
Assignment: EMA
Page 1 of 20
,Part 1.
a) Layer 3 of the OSI model is the network layer, also known as the layer
where routing takes place, a routers main role is to forward incoming
packets by looking at the layer 3 source and destination to decide
which path to take (Stephens, 2011). Most LANs connect to a router as
a central point between the LAN and the Internet. It uses the internet IP
address and designates devices on the LAN with their own IP address
which cannot be seen out side of the LAN (Hypertech Direct, 2021) and
cannot be accessed without permission.
A layer 3 switch combines the functionality of a router and a switch. It
connects devices on the same LAN at incredibly high speeds and
doubles as a router to inspect incoming packets and make decisions
based on the source and destination and forward data based on
destination IP addresses
Word count: 142
b) There are two techniques used by OS to schedule processes. Pre-
emptive scheduling is used when switching from running or waiting
state to ready. Cycles are allotted to a process for a limited time and
if required, placed back in the ready queue if burst time remains and
executed again at the next opportunity.
Non-Pre-Emptive scheduling is used when a process switches from
running to a waiting state. The CPU hold the process or cycle until it
has completed its burst time or reaches a waiting state before
allocating CPU to another process.
Page 2 of 20
, Four concurrent processes to illustrate how the order of execution
changes according to technique chosen:
CPU Scheduling Type How Order of
Algorithm Execution Changes
First Come First Serve Non-Pre-Emptive First process to arrive
(FCFS) and runs until
completion before
moving to the next in
line
Shortest Job First (SJF) Pre-Emptive Processes based on
Non-Pre-emptive shortest execution time
first.
Round Robin Scheduling Pre-Emptive Allocated equal
(RRS) amounts of time to
each process. If time
expires, it is added to
the end of a circular
queue and the first in
queue starts again.
Multilevel Queue (MLQ) Pre-Emptive Partition ready queue
Non-Pre-emptive into several queues,
each queue has its on
scheduling algorithm.
Word count: 108
c) The development of advanced robots and AI raises many issues,
among them the ethical and social considerations. The UK
Government released a study in 2021 suggesting that “AI will drive a
skill-biased technological change and will widen existing earning
differentials”. Essentially, the lowest paid within the communities will
be most affected by the growing advancement and usage of AI and
robots.
However, in the coming years AI will aid professionals to work more
efficiently and the education sector will advance to educate students
according to their abilities, thus creating generations of
individualisation to meet the skills demand that new jobs will create
(Anderson and Rainie, 2018).
In conclusion, I believe that the development on AI will benefit our
future generations. But with the pandemic of disinformation, Science
must do better to fight “fake news” and when it comes to explaining
to non-experts what it actually means, or advancements will be slow.
Page 3 of 20
