HYDROLYSIS
1- iodo butane > 1- bromo butane > I -
chloro butane
↳ iodo butane is less
electronegative and has the lowest
bond
enthalpy , so reacts
fastest .
3°
°
> 2° > /
↳ tertiary have the least stable carbocation so they
react fastest . The bond breaks more easily .
MECHANISMS
halogens alkanes react with nucleophiles .
1-
molecules or ions
with a pair of
lone
electrons they can
donate .
RX with K0H -
alkaline hydrolysis
aq
H
I
H
1
It H
I
-
-
It -
c- c- Br t OH → H -
c- -
OH t Br
l ' '
H H H H
•
aqueous
heat under reflux
•
" "
•
nucleophilic substitian ,
OH I Br
It
•
RX → R -
it c-
µ
-
It
-
nucleophile : OH
•
1
→ µ c- c- OH + B. µ
-
:& sit it
H St
1- iodo butane > 1- bromo butane > I -
chloro butane
↳ iodo butane is less
electronegative and has the lowest
bond
enthalpy , so reacts
fastest .
3°
°
> 2° > /
↳ tertiary have the least stable carbocation so they
react fastest . The bond breaks more easily .
MECHANISMS
halogens alkanes react with nucleophiles .
1-
molecules or ions
with a pair of
lone
electrons they can
donate .
RX with K0H -
alkaline hydrolysis
aq
H
I
H
1
It H
I
-
-
It -
c- c- Br t OH → H -
c- -
OH t Br
l ' '
H H H H
•
aqueous
heat under reflux
•
" "
•
nucleophilic substitian ,
OH I Br
It
•
RX → R -
it c-
µ
-
It
-
nucleophile : OH
•
1
→ µ c- c- OH + B. µ
-
:& sit it
H St
