Summary Reactions of carbonyl compounds

REACTIONS
OXIDATION
•

only aldehydes can be oxidised


acidic conditions
RCHO + [0 ] → RCOOH
Fehling 's blue → red


alkaline conditions Token 's silver mirror
-0 ④
RCHO + [o ] → R( go + µ

Fehling 's solution and Token 's are
oxidising agents in
alkaline conditions .




Potassium oxidise in acidic
manga rate can
and alkaline conditions .




WHICH IS IT
aldehydes produce red ppt with
Fehling 's ,
silver mirror
with tokens
↳ ketones do neither ; colourless solutions


IODOFORM ( oxidation I
↳ iodine / sodium hydroxide

Of
solution




NaOH
"

CH3
+ I, + →
CH13 % -



nat
+ NAI

+1%0


+312+4NA0H RC00 Nat that t}HzO
-




RCOCH } → CH1 } +
- ~ -
Iodine in
iodoform yellow ppt
.




alkaline ,




•
need ethanol or
methyl ketone .

, +312+4 NA0H →
CH13 + 3N at + 2h20

+ IT ( sodium methanol
- / ' salt )
H
Nato
•
not carboxylic acid because alkaline
conditions / no Ht

requires gentle warming
•




H, / Pt reduces
REDUCTION alkene e- card

( =
0
alcohol


i -
aldehyde carboxylic acid

2° - ketone ( can't oxidise before I


3° no oxidation
•

only aldehydes can be both oxidised arid reduced


LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE
LiAlHy
"
↳ Lit / I
-




.
At ,
4 H



1) dry / anhydrous carbonyl with dry ether ( solvent )
•




" "
•
0 -

-78
-




LIALH , is source of H ions
•




2) complex boiled with dilute HC1 →
releases free alcohol


RCHO + 2[ H ] →
RC11-2OH aldehyde

RC0R 't / [ H ]
'
→
RCHOHR ketone