Nutrition
A balanced diet is a diet that contains all nutrients including fibre and water in the right
amount. These nutrients include macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats,
and micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals.
Components Sources Functions Deficiency Excess
Carbohydrates Carbs’ break Makes up the main Tiredness, Diabetes,
(Starches, down the part of the diet. hypoglycaemia obesity which
sugars) starch to , ketosis: can lead to
release PROVIDES ENERGY Acetyl-CoA in weight related
Monosaccharides glucose from the liver is diseases such
: glucose Potatoes, rice, used to as type 2
bread, pasta produce diabetes.
Disaccharides: etc… ketone bodies
sucrose found in formed by the
refined sugars, We burn breakdown of
chocolate, glucose to fatty acids and
sweets and fruit. ‘recharge’ the by the
cells battery deamination
Polysaccharides: A.T.P of amino
starch (most (adenosine acids, leading
carbohydrates), triphosphate). to a state of
cellulose ketosis.
Lipids Animal CONCENTRATED If we don’t Atherosclerosi
(fatty acids and Sources ENERGY SOURCE have enough s
glycerol) (Butter, We store fats, this lipids to make This is the
Cheese, Eggs, acts as an efficient the sebum build-up of
Lard) method for that is the oil fatty deposits
These are insulation. on our skin, inside of the
saturated Our muscles are our skin will walls of the
fats. protected by our get very flaky coronary
Single bonds fats. We and dry. arteries and
between the waterproof our self due to this,
carbons. by producing oils A lack of too many
(grease) called certain types lipids
Plant Sources sebum that go onto of lipids can contribute to
(sunflower oil, our skin so water lead to coronary
olive oil) slides off, too much infertility as heart disease
These are un washing can take there will be a (CHD).
—saturated off that layer of low steroid
fats. defence. hormone.
Double bonds Without lipids all
, between the the cells in your
carbons. body would break
You can add away as all the cell
hydrogen to membranes would
an disappear.
unsaturated Fat soluble vitamins
fat to make it and get in through
saturated. E.g. lipids.
turning an oil There is more
into a energy in lipids
spreadable than there is in
solid. carbohydrates.
Fish Oils
(Cod liver oils,
orange 3 oils)
Protein Fish, meat, GROWTH Impaired Gout
lentils, peas Repair of cells growth Kwashiorkor
Proteins are Marasmus
Structural made of Antibodies
proteins: amino acids. Enzymes Malnutrition
Strings of amino Structural support develops
acids spiralled, Essential Hormones oedema-
collagen, keratin. amino acids oedema is an
Actin/myosin (needed in accumulation
(found in the the diet). High of fluid in the
muscle) biological tissue,
Elastin, stretches value. especially the
and recoils feet and legs.
(founds in the Mycoprotein:
Arteries) arterial can replace
sclerosis when the high level
people get old. biological
Functional amino acids
proteins: not found in
Amino acids tied vegetables, or
up in a knot some plants
(sailors knots) such as soya
Enzymes, or Quorn
hormones, anti- (HEAA).
bodies. (specific
shape) Vegetables
Example: have Low
amylase only biological
breaks down value as they
starch. miss out the
A balanced diet is a diet that contains all nutrients including fibre and water in the right
amount. These nutrients include macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats,
and micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals.
Components Sources Functions Deficiency Excess
Carbohydrates Carbs’ break Makes up the main Tiredness, Diabetes,
(Starches, down the part of the diet. hypoglycaemia obesity which
sugars) starch to , ketosis: can lead to
release PROVIDES ENERGY Acetyl-CoA in weight related
Monosaccharides glucose from the liver is diseases such
: glucose Potatoes, rice, used to as type 2
bread, pasta produce diabetes.
Disaccharides: etc… ketone bodies
sucrose found in formed by the
refined sugars, We burn breakdown of
chocolate, glucose to fatty acids and
sweets and fruit. ‘recharge’ the by the
cells battery deamination
Polysaccharides: A.T.P of amino
starch (most (adenosine acids, leading
carbohydrates), triphosphate). to a state of
cellulose ketosis.
Lipids Animal CONCENTRATED If we don’t Atherosclerosi
(fatty acids and Sources ENERGY SOURCE have enough s
glycerol) (Butter, We store fats, this lipids to make This is the
Cheese, Eggs, acts as an efficient the sebum build-up of
Lard) method for that is the oil fatty deposits
These are insulation. on our skin, inside of the
saturated Our muscles are our skin will walls of the
fats. protected by our get very flaky coronary
Single bonds fats. We and dry. arteries and
between the waterproof our self due to this,
carbons. by producing oils A lack of too many
(grease) called certain types lipids
Plant Sources sebum that go onto of lipids can contribute to
(sunflower oil, our skin so water lead to coronary
olive oil) slides off, too much infertility as heart disease
These are un washing can take there will be a (CHD).
—saturated off that layer of low steroid
fats. defence. hormone.
Double bonds Without lipids all
, between the the cells in your
carbons. body would break
You can add away as all the cell
hydrogen to membranes would
an disappear.
unsaturated Fat soluble vitamins
fat to make it and get in through
saturated. E.g. lipids.
turning an oil There is more
into a energy in lipids
spreadable than there is in
solid. carbohydrates.
Fish Oils
(Cod liver oils,
orange 3 oils)
Protein Fish, meat, GROWTH Impaired Gout
lentils, peas Repair of cells growth Kwashiorkor
Proteins are Marasmus
Structural made of Antibodies
proteins: amino acids. Enzymes Malnutrition
Strings of amino Structural support develops
acids spiralled, Essential Hormones oedema-
collagen, keratin. amino acids oedema is an
Actin/myosin (needed in accumulation
(found in the the diet). High of fluid in the
muscle) biological tissue,
Elastin, stretches value. especially the
and recoils feet and legs.
(founds in the Mycoprotein:
Arteries) arterial can replace
sclerosis when the high level
people get old. biological
Functional amino acids
proteins: not found in
Amino acids tied vegetables, or
up in a knot some plants
(sailors knots) such as soya
Enzymes, or Quorn
hormones, anti- (HEAA).
bodies. (specific
shape) Vegetables
Example: have Low
amylase only biological
breaks down value as they
starch. miss out the
