ACCT 450 CHAPTERS 1 -4...100% QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...

Chapter 1 – Introduction 1. Which of the following best describes the objective of a fraud examination? a. To make recommendations to management about how to prevent fraud b. To determine whether financial statements are free of misstatements due to fraud c. To express an opinion on the guilt or innocence of a suspect d. To determine whether a crime has been committed, and if so, who is responsible 2. Which of the following is not a part of the fraud theory approach? a. Analyze available data. b. Develop “what-if” scenarios. c. Identify who committed the fraud. d. Refine the hypothesis. 3. Once sufficient predication has been established, what is the first step a fraud examiner following the fraud theory approach should take? a. Create a hypothesis. b. Analyze data. c. Interview witnesses. d. Interview the suspect. 4. The discipline of fraud examination includes all of the following except: a. Writing investigative reports b. Determining the guilt of the suspect c. Testifying to findings d. Interviewing witnesses 5. Fraud examination differs from auditing in that fraud examination is: a. Recurring b. Adversarial c. General in scope d. All of the above 6. Predication, although important, is not required in a fraud examination. a. True b. False 7. In a fraud examination, evidence is usually gathered in a manner that moves from general to specific. a. True b. False 8. Which of the following is the correct order for a fraud examiner to interview witnesses? a. Corroborative witnesses, neutral third-parties, co-conspirators, suspect b. Suspect, co-conspirators, corroborative witnesses, neutral third-parties c. Neutral third-parties, corroborative witnesses, co-conspirators, suspect d. Suspect, corroborative witnesses, co-conspirators, neutral third-parties 9. In order to prove that fraud occurred, four elements must be present. Which of the following is not one of those elements? a. A material false statement b. Knowledge that the statement was false c. Reliance on the false statement by the victim d. Intent to cause the victim damages 10. The basic tenet of Edwin Sutherland’s theory of differential association is that crime is passed on genetically; that is, the offspring of criminals commit crimes because their parents did. a. True b. False 11. Who developed the Fraud Scale? a. Joseph T. Wells b. W. Steve Albrecht c. Richard C. Hollinger d. Donald R. Cressey 12. Which of the following is not one of the legs of the Fraud Triangle? a. Situational environment b. Perceived non-sharable financial need c. Perceived opportunity d. Rationalization 13. According to Cressey, the perceived opportunity to commit fraud consists of two elements: general information and technical skill. a. True b. False 14. In a study by Steve Albrecht, Marshall Romney, and Keith Howe, participants were asked to rank personal characteristics as motivating factors that contributed to fraud. The highest ranked factor was: a. Undue family or peer pressure b. Lack of recognition of job performance c. Living beyond one’s means d. Lack of appreciation by management 15. In a study by Steve Albrecht, Marshall Romney, and Keith Howe, participants were asked to rank characteristics of the organizational environment that contributed to fraud. The highest ranked factor was: a. Lack of clear lines of authority b. Inadequate attention to detail c. Lack of an internal audit function d. Placing too much trust in key employees 16. Research in the Hollinger-Clark study suggests that the best way to deter employee theft is by: a. Increasing sanctions imposed on occupational fraudsters b. Increasing the perception of detection c. Strengthening internal controls d. Communicating the organization’s fraud policies to employees 17. According to the results of the Hollinger-Clark study, employees steal primarily because of: a. Job dissatisfaction b. Greed c. Informal organizational structures d. Economic pressures 18. In the 2012 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, the category that committed the smallest percentage of occupational fraud was: a. Managers b. Employees c. Owners/Executives d. External parties 19. In the 2012 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, the median loss in schemes committed by males was higher than the median loss in schemes committed by females. a. True b. False 20. In the 2012 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, most frauds were initially detected during an external audit. a. True b. False 21. In the 2012 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, financial statement fraud had a higher median loss than asset misappropriation and corruption schemes. a. True b. False 22. In the 2012 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, most perpetrators of fraud had been previously charged with or convicted of a fraud-related offense. a. True b. False 23. Joel Baker, a customer of ABC Electronics, stole a box containing computer games while the sales associate waited on another customer. Which of the following could Joel be charged with? a. Larceny b. Embezzlement c. Fraud d. All of the above 24. While conducting a routine internal audit, Sally Franks overheard one of the company’s purchasing agents bragging about receiving a substantial discount on a new SUV from the company’s supplier of fleet cars. Is there sufficient predication to initiate a fraud examination? a. Yes