1) The Genetic Code
The genetic code is a set of rules. There are four base pairs within the sequence, which are: Adenine
(A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) which are joined to a sugar and a phosphate. The rules
within the genetic code is A pairs with T and C pairs with G. The information encoded in genetic
materials (DNA or RNA) sequences is then translated into proteins (amino acids) by living cells
(Yanoff and Duker, 2009), However, in RNA, A pairs with U (uracil).
.
Genes control the activities of specialised and determines specific body functions. Examples of some
specialised cells are:
Name of specialised Name of protein produced How the protein helps the
cell/tissue cell do its job
Red blood cells Hemoglobin Picks up oxygen in the lugs
and delivers it into peripheral
tissue to maintain the viability
of cells.
White blood cells Antibodies Destroys pathogens by making
antibodies quickly.
Leydig cells in the developing Testosterone Is important in the first stages
testes of developing male
reproductive organs in the
foetus. Developing male
characteristics: deepening of
the voice, facial hair. It is the
main stimulus for sperm
production.
Stomach cell (Gastric chief Pepsinogen Responsible for breaking down
cell) large protein molecules into
smaller ones which are called
amino acids.
2)
Natural Selection is also known as “survival of the fittest” it is when a species responds to changes
within their environment or competition between organisms in order for them to survive, they respond
by changing over time, the members of species who have survived and have the most desired
characteristics are then able to pass on their successful genes to their offspring (KA).
Some examples of natural selection:
1
The genetic code is a set of rules. There are four base pairs within the sequence, which are: Adenine
(A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) which are joined to a sugar and a phosphate. The rules
within the genetic code is A pairs with T and C pairs with G. The information encoded in genetic
materials (DNA or RNA) sequences is then translated into proteins (amino acids) by living cells
(Yanoff and Duker, 2009), However, in RNA, A pairs with U (uracil).
.
Genes control the activities of specialised and determines specific body functions. Examples of some
specialised cells are:
Name of specialised Name of protein produced How the protein helps the
cell/tissue cell do its job
Red blood cells Hemoglobin Picks up oxygen in the lugs
and delivers it into peripheral
tissue to maintain the viability
of cells.
White blood cells Antibodies Destroys pathogens by making
antibodies quickly.
Leydig cells in the developing Testosterone Is important in the first stages
testes of developing male
reproductive organs in the
foetus. Developing male
characteristics: deepening of
the voice, facial hair. It is the
main stimulus for sperm
production.
Stomach cell (Gastric chief Pepsinogen Responsible for breaking down
cell) large protein molecules into
smaller ones which are called
amino acids.
2)
Natural Selection is also known as “survival of the fittest” it is when a species responds to changes
within their environment or competition between organisms in order for them to survive, they respond
by changing over time, the members of species who have survived and have the most desired
characteristics are then able to pass on their successful genes to their offspring (KA).
Some examples of natural selection:
1
