A.D1
EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF CORRECTIVE TREATMENT(S)
ASSOCIATED WITH A MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER.
This report will evaluate the effect of corrective treatment(s) for
osteoarthritis.
It is stated in the p2 and m1 task that osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis
that affects the smooth cartilage lining of the joint which makes
movement more difficult than normal, leading to pain and stiffness. When
the cartilage lining starts to rouge and thin out, the tendons and
ligaments have to work harder. When too much cartilage is lost, it can
lead to bones rubbing on each other, altering the shape of the joint and
moving the bones out of their normal position. It is also stated there is no
cure for osteoarthritis but there are several types of treatments that can
reduce the symptoms.(p2 and m1 task, 2021)
Down below this report will list all the possible treatments and evaluate
the benefits and side effects of each one of the treatments.
NSAIDs (see figure 4:4) are the most frequently used drugs to ease pain,
inflammation and stiffness. These drugs are inexpensive and are often
used as the first source of prescribed medications for people with achy
joints. These drugs are available to take by mouth or in ointment formula.
(Arthritis foundation,ND)
Although these drugs are used frequently they are not suitable for
everyone. There are different types of NSAIDs drugs but the most
common ones are; ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, celecoxib, mefenamic
acid, etoricoxib, indomethacin etc.(NHS, 2019)
These drugs are the primary and top choice of treatment for osteoarthritis
because they’re effective and non sedating. The doctor might start with
OTC NSAIDs but if those do not work they might prescribe NSAIDs.
NSAIDs that help with the symptoms of osteoarthritis are; celebrex,
diflunisal, etodolac, fenoprofen (Nalfon), flurbiprofen, indomethacin
(Indocin), ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, mefenamic acid
(Ponstel), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone, oxaprozin (Daypro),
piroxicam (Feldene), sulindac and tolmetin. (Healthline, 2020)
NSAIDs work by preventing an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX) from
making hormone-like chemicals called prostaglandins (see figure 3:1).
,Prostaglandins are one of the body’s biggest causes for inflammation. At
lower doses NSAIDs only provide relief from pain but at higher doses the
anti-inflammatory benefits are achieved. The pain relieving effects of
NSAIDs begin quickly- within a few hours. However the swelling and
warmth in joints might take longer to get better; it can take upto two
weeks to see full benefits. Even though these drugs might help with pain
they also come with side effects such as; gastrointestinal problems,
cardiovascular problems, allergic reaction, kidney problems, bruising and
bleeding etc. (Arthritis foundation,ND)
Figure 3:1. How NSAIDs
work.
PROS: These drugs have a lot of benefits including; help with painful
inflammation, pain, headaches, painful periods, sprains, strains, flu,
arthritis etc. (NHS,2019)
CONS: These drugs also come with a lot of side effects such as;
gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular problems, allergic reaction,
kidney problems, bruising and bleeding.
In conclusion these NSAIDs are really great for pain and other problems.
Even though they have some side effects, it is often very rare so most
people are fine with using these drugs.
Physiotherapy is a type of therapy that helps to restore movement and
function when someone is afflicted by injury, illness or disability. It can
also help to reduce the risk of future injury or illnesses. It can help people
of all ages with problems affecting the; bone, joints, soft tissues, brain,
nervous system, heart and circulation, lungs and breathing etc. ( NHS,
2018)
, Physiotherapy is a really important part of managing osteoarthritis and it
is essential in teaching people to; properly use joints (exercise correctly in
both motion and flexibility exercises as well as cardiovascular
exercises( swimming), recommend use of modalities( heat and cold
therapy) etc. (Physiopedia, ND). When a person does not use their joints,
it can cause the muscles to waste and may increase stiffness caused by
osteoarthritis. In this case one might see a physiotherapist.
Physiotherapists can help a lot by using their hands to stretch, mobilise
and massage the body tissues of the patient, to keep their joints supple
and flexible. (NHS, 2019). The main goal of physiotherapy for OA is to
control the pain, swelling and improve life quality. Physiotherapy is
beneficial because it is important to maintain muscle strength and to help
identify the factors that increase the rate of osteoarthritis. (Therapia,
ND).
If we take an example we see that knee OA is the most common type of
osteoarthritis and physiotherapy can help improve knee joint function. It
can also make it easier for the patient to walk, bend, kneel, squat and sit
(see figure 3:4). There are two main types of physiotherapy-passive and
active treatments. With passive physiotherapy the physiotherapist does
most of the work and with active physiotherapy the patients have to do
everything. Passive physiotherapy (see figure 3:3) include; cold therapy (
the physiotherapist might place a cold compress on the joint which
reduces circulation to decrease swelling), heat therapy ( the
physiotherapist might place a warm heating pad on the knee joint of the
patient which will increase blood flow and decrease stiffness) and
hydrotherapy ( this is also known as aquatic therapy and can be done in
the water). Active physiotherapy (see figure 3:2) include; strengthening
exercises (the physiotherapist might show the patient certain exercises to
do at home to strengthen the muscles in the leg to help make the knee
joint stronger) and flexibility exercises (these are also type of exercises
that the physiotherapist might arrange to do at home to increase range of
motion of the knee). Depending on what kind of treatment the patient
needs the physiotherapist might make a plan including both types of
treatments. (PPM, 2015).
EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF CORRECTIVE TREATMENT(S)
ASSOCIATED WITH A MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER.
This report will evaluate the effect of corrective treatment(s) for
osteoarthritis.
It is stated in the p2 and m1 task that osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis
that affects the smooth cartilage lining of the joint which makes
movement more difficult than normal, leading to pain and stiffness. When
the cartilage lining starts to rouge and thin out, the tendons and
ligaments have to work harder. When too much cartilage is lost, it can
lead to bones rubbing on each other, altering the shape of the joint and
moving the bones out of their normal position. It is also stated there is no
cure for osteoarthritis but there are several types of treatments that can
reduce the symptoms.(p2 and m1 task, 2021)
Down below this report will list all the possible treatments and evaluate
the benefits and side effects of each one of the treatments.
NSAIDs (see figure 4:4) are the most frequently used drugs to ease pain,
inflammation and stiffness. These drugs are inexpensive and are often
used as the first source of prescribed medications for people with achy
joints. These drugs are available to take by mouth or in ointment formula.
(Arthritis foundation,ND)
Although these drugs are used frequently they are not suitable for
everyone. There are different types of NSAIDs drugs but the most
common ones are; ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, celecoxib, mefenamic
acid, etoricoxib, indomethacin etc.(NHS, 2019)
These drugs are the primary and top choice of treatment for osteoarthritis
because they’re effective and non sedating. The doctor might start with
OTC NSAIDs but if those do not work they might prescribe NSAIDs.
NSAIDs that help with the symptoms of osteoarthritis are; celebrex,
diflunisal, etodolac, fenoprofen (Nalfon), flurbiprofen, indomethacin
(Indocin), ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, mefenamic acid
(Ponstel), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone, oxaprozin (Daypro),
piroxicam (Feldene), sulindac and tolmetin. (Healthline, 2020)
NSAIDs work by preventing an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX) from
making hormone-like chemicals called prostaglandins (see figure 3:1).
,Prostaglandins are one of the body’s biggest causes for inflammation. At
lower doses NSAIDs only provide relief from pain but at higher doses the
anti-inflammatory benefits are achieved. The pain relieving effects of
NSAIDs begin quickly- within a few hours. However the swelling and
warmth in joints might take longer to get better; it can take upto two
weeks to see full benefits. Even though these drugs might help with pain
they also come with side effects such as; gastrointestinal problems,
cardiovascular problems, allergic reaction, kidney problems, bruising and
bleeding etc. (Arthritis foundation,ND)
Figure 3:1. How NSAIDs
work.
PROS: These drugs have a lot of benefits including; help with painful
inflammation, pain, headaches, painful periods, sprains, strains, flu,
arthritis etc. (NHS,2019)
CONS: These drugs also come with a lot of side effects such as;
gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular problems, allergic reaction,
kidney problems, bruising and bleeding.
In conclusion these NSAIDs are really great for pain and other problems.
Even though they have some side effects, it is often very rare so most
people are fine with using these drugs.
Physiotherapy is a type of therapy that helps to restore movement and
function when someone is afflicted by injury, illness or disability. It can
also help to reduce the risk of future injury or illnesses. It can help people
of all ages with problems affecting the; bone, joints, soft tissues, brain,
nervous system, heart and circulation, lungs and breathing etc. ( NHS,
2018)
, Physiotherapy is a really important part of managing osteoarthritis and it
is essential in teaching people to; properly use joints (exercise correctly in
both motion and flexibility exercises as well as cardiovascular
exercises( swimming), recommend use of modalities( heat and cold
therapy) etc. (Physiopedia, ND). When a person does not use their joints,
it can cause the muscles to waste and may increase stiffness caused by
osteoarthritis. In this case one might see a physiotherapist.
Physiotherapists can help a lot by using their hands to stretch, mobilise
and massage the body tissues of the patient, to keep their joints supple
and flexible. (NHS, 2019). The main goal of physiotherapy for OA is to
control the pain, swelling and improve life quality. Physiotherapy is
beneficial because it is important to maintain muscle strength and to help
identify the factors that increase the rate of osteoarthritis. (Therapia,
ND).
If we take an example we see that knee OA is the most common type of
osteoarthritis and physiotherapy can help improve knee joint function. It
can also make it easier for the patient to walk, bend, kneel, squat and sit
(see figure 3:4). There are two main types of physiotherapy-passive and
active treatments. With passive physiotherapy the physiotherapist does
most of the work and with active physiotherapy the patients have to do
everything. Passive physiotherapy (see figure 3:3) include; cold therapy (
the physiotherapist might place a cold compress on the joint which
reduces circulation to decrease swelling), heat therapy ( the
physiotherapist might place a warm heating pad on the knee joint of the
patient which will increase blood flow and decrease stiffness) and
hydrotherapy ( this is also known as aquatic therapy and can be done in
the water). Active physiotherapy (see figure 3:2) include; strengthening
exercises (the physiotherapist might show the patient certain exercises to
do at home to strengthen the muscles in the leg to help make the knee
joint stronger) and flexibility exercises (these are also type of exercises
that the physiotherapist might arrange to do at home to increase range of
motion of the knee). Depending on what kind of treatment the patient
needs the physiotherapist might make a plan including both types of
treatments. (PPM, 2015).
