TEST BANK FOR Human Anatomy 6th Edition Marieb

TEST BANK FOR Human Anatomy 6th Edition Marieb Human Anatomy Sixth Edition Marieb | Wilhelm | Mallatt Rennee A. Moore Solano Community College iii Preface iv 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 1 2 Cells: The Living Units 18 3 Basic Embryology 34 4 Tissues 49 5 The Integumentary System 65 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues 81 7 Bones, Part 1: The Axial Skeleton 97 8 Bones, Part 2: The Appendicular Skeleton 113 9 Joints 129 10 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 145 11 Muscles of the Body 161 12 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue 190 13 The Central Nervous System 206 14 The Peripheral Nervous System 223 15 The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons 239 16 The Special Senses 256 17 The Endocrine System 274 18 Blood 291 19 The Heart 308 20 Blood Vessels 325 21 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems 344 22 The Respiratory System 362 23 The Digestive System 379 24 The Urinary System 398 25 The Reproductive System 416 Contents Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Matching Questions Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following: 1) Mental Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 2) Umbilical Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 2 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 3) Hallux Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 4) Inguinal Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 5) Femoral Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 3 Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following: 6) Lumbar Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 7) Acromial Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 8) Scapular Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 9) Popliteal Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 10) Occipital Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7 Match the following: A. superior B. lateral C. anterior D. proximal E. deep 11) The chest is ________ to the abdomen. Answer: superior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 12) The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region. Answer: anterior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 13) The knee is ________ to the foot. Answer: proximal Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8 14) The brain is ________ to the skull. Answer: deep Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 15) The thumb is ________ to the index finger. Answer: lateral Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8 16) Muscles are ________ to the skin. Answer: deep Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 17) The axillary region is ________ to the sternum. Answer: lateral Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 18) The lip is ________ to the chin. Answer: superior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 5 19) The eye is ________ to the occipital region. Answer: anterior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 20) The acromial region is ________ to the scapular region. Answer: superior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 21) The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region. Answer: superior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 22) The femoral region is ________ to the plantar region. Answer: proximal Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 23) The heart is ________ to the sternum. Answer: deep Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 24) The pubic area is ________ to the gluteal region. Answer: anterior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 25) The umbilical region is ________ to the lumbar region. Answer: anterior Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 True/False Questions 1) Serous cavities include the pleural cavity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 2) Serous cavities contain air. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 3) The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 4) EM has much greater resolution than LM. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 5) The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 6) Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 7) A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16-17 8) MRI techniques can show only images that are hard and deflect the X rays. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 9) Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 10) Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 11) Most adults are between 1.5 and 2 meters tall. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 12) All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 13) A transverse plane could cut the head off the body! Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 14) In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6-7 15) The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 7 Multiple Choice Questions 1) The smallest living unit is A) a cell. B) an organ. C) a human being. D) a molecule. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 2) Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? A) developmental anatomy B) pathological anatomy C) regional anatomy D) surface anatomy Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 3) Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland? A) integumentary B) endocrine C) reproductive D) lymphatic Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4-5 4) A coronal section through the human body can A) pass through both the nose and the occipital region. B) pass through both ears. C) provide mirror right and left images. D) lie in a horizontal plane. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 5) During the process of ________, noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples. A) time B) observation C) staining D) photography Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 6) The cervical region is the A) thigh. B) calf. C) neck. D) head. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 7) The ʺCTʺ in ʺCT scanningʺ stands for A) cut transversely. B) Charles Thorgaard, the inventorʹs name. C) correlated thickness. D) computed tomography. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16 8) What is the function of serous membranes? A) They act like wrapping paper to hold visceral organs together. B) They contain gland cells that secrete mucus. C) They halt the spread of infection. D) They reduce friction so that viscera move freely. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 9) The dorsal hollow nerve cord A) develops into the brain and spinal cord. B) a primitive supporting rod. C) contains the notochord. D) is the same as the human backbone. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 10) The main purpose of fixation is A) to preserve the tissue. B) to mend breaks in tissue sections. C) to make an organ easier to section. D) to stick tissue sections to a glass slide. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 11) A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of A) a molecule. B) a cell. C) a tissue. D) an organ. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 12) An example of a tissue in the body is A) the stomach. B) a muscle cell. C) epithelium. D) a macromolecule. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 9 13) An example of an organ is A) a fat cell. B) the intestine. C) epithelium. D) the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system). Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 14) Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood? A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4-5 15) Large molecules such as proteins are called A) cells. B) macromolecules. C) multi-atom units. D) cellular organelles. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3-4 16) Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth? A) lymphatic B) digestive C) integumentary D) cutaneous Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4-5 17) Which organ system includes the spinal cord? A) skeletal B) muscular C) nervous D) integumentary Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4-5 18) The height of an average personʹs trunk, from neck to perineum, is about A) 5 meters. B) 10 centimeters. C) 1000 μm. D) 1 meter. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 19) Which statement concerning the anatomical position is false? A) The palms face anteriorly. B) The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly. C) The knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent). D) The person is lying down, as straight as possible. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 20) Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical? A) A B) M C) L D) O Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 21) Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa? A) lungs B) ribs C) stomach D) uterus Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 22) The femoral region is the A) buttocks. B) hip. C) thigh. D) toes. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 23) The inguinal region lies A) anterior to the elbow joint. B) on the anterior neck. C) where the thigh joins the trunk. D) on the external genitals. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 24) The perineal region is the A) side of the leg. B) region between the external genitals and the anus. C) point of the shoulder. D) superior part of the gluteal region. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 11 25) Which structure is not present in the mediastinum? A) esophagus B) heart C) lung D) trachea Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 26) A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane. A) midsagittal B) transverse C) coronal D) sagittal Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 27) Another name for the midsagittal plane is A) parasagittal. B) oblique. C) coronal. D) median. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 28) What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the anatomical position.) A) the coxal region B) ear C) little toe D) tip of thumb Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 7-8 29) Although transmission electron microscopy is usually used for high-magnification viewing, it is certainly possible to use it at low magnification as well. That is, one can produce similar micrographs of tissues taken by light microscopy and electron microscopy at the same magnification. Even at the same magnification, however, you can easily tell the two kinds of micrographs apart. How? A) The image in the electron micrograph is still sharper. B) Tissue viewed by electron microscopy is colored, whereas light micrographs are always black and white (and shades of gray). C) Tissue for light microscopy cannot be fixed (no fixation). D) Tissue for electron microscopy cannot be sectioned. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 30) What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique? A) It is safe. B) The patient feels less pain during the procedure than with any other imaging technique. C) It is very inexpensive. D) It shows soft tissues very clearly. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 31) The extremities are the same as A) the ears. B) the fingers and toes. C) the limbs. D) all structures in the head. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 32) Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral? A) cecum : sigmoid colon B) descending colon : spleen C) mouth : navel D) right lung : left lung Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8 33) A physician viewing an injury to the back would look at the patientʹs ________ side. A) lateral B) posterior C) cranial D) ventral Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 34) The ________ body cavity contains the brain. A) dorsal B) ventral C) serous D) lateral Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 35) The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in A) German and French. B) Latin and Greek. C) Esperanto. D) Russian and Old English. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 13 36) The _____________ cavity contains the heart and lungs. A) abdominopelvic B) dorsal C) thoracic D) lateral Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 37) Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the ________ system. A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4-5 38) Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes? A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) respiratory Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4-5 39) The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the ________ system. A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4-5 40) Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation? A) branches of the blood vessels B) multiple joints of fingers C) subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract D) vertebral column Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10-11 41) Which statement about visceral serosa is false? A) It clings to the surface of organs. B) It is continuous with the membrane that covers the outer body wall. C) It is deep to the parietal serosa. D) It lines the internal surface of hollow organs. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 14 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 42) How many centimeters are there in a meter? A) 10 B) 100 C) 1,000 D) 1,000,000 Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 43) Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? A) heart B) liver C) spinal cord D) urinary bladder Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 44) The ankle lies ________ to the thigh. A) distal B) proximal C) lateral D) deep Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 45) The axillary artery is found in the region of the A) posterior surface of the knee. B) vertebral column. C) armpit. D) long axis of any limb. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 46) As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to A) the loin of the back. B) part of the lower limb. C) the wrist. D) the breast. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 47) The buccal region is the A) cheeks. B) waist. C) calf of the leg. D) underside of the foot. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 15 48) The popliteal region is A) the side of the leg. B) in the cervical region. C) the posterior surface of the knee. D) the inferior part of the gluteal region. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 49) The coxal region is A) the same as the inguinal region. B) the skin over the ʺtailbone.ʺ C) the hip. D) the posterior surface of the wrist. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 50) Which abdominal structure is located in the right hypochondriac region? A) appendix B) gallbladder C) spleen D) stomach Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Short Answer Questions 1) Describe the difference between proximal and distal. Answer: Proximal means closer to the point of attachment to the main part of the body; distal is further. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 2) Describe the location of the thigh to the calf. Answer: The thigh is proximal to the calf. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 3) Describe the location of the upper arm to the fingertips. Answer: The upper arm is proximal to the fingertips. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 4) In humans, what term is synonymous with posterior? Answer: dorsal Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 5) Clinicians refer to ________ anatomy when locating blood vessels to draw blood, feeling pulses, and avoiding nerves while giving injections. Answer: surface Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 16 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 6) In humans, the region between the anus and the external genitals is the ________ region. Answer: perineal Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 7) The olecranal region is posterior to what region? Answer: antecubital Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 8) The head, neck, and trunk comprise the ________ region. Answer: axial Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 9) What is the term for the thumb? Answer: pollex Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 10) One could say that the forearm is ________ to the brachial region. Answer: distal Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 11) Cutting the body along the median plane produces a ________ view. Answer: sagittal Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9 12) One could describe the scalp as being ________ to the skull. Answer: superficial Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8 13) A ________ plane separates the body into equal left and right halves. Answer: midsagittal Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 14) The measurement typically used for structures within a cell is the ________. Answer: micrometer Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 15) The ________ system is involved in immunity. Answer: lymphatic Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4-5 Essay Questions 1) Identify what systems are found in the arm. Answer: The arm contains elements of the skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, lymphatic, and integumentary systems. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4-5 2) What organ systems would be found in the arm and not in the leg? Answer: None Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4-5 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 17 3) List the six unique features found in all vertebrates at some stage of their life. Answer: Tube-within-a-tube body plan, bilateral symmetry, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord and vertebrae, segmentation, and pharyngeal pouches. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10 4) In adult humans, what remnants of segmentation remain? Answer: The ribs and the vertebrae, with their segmental spinal nerves, are remnants of segmentation. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10-11 5) Select from the following techniques the best method for assessing brain function in a stroke patient: X-ray imaging, sonography, MRI. Explain why the other choices are not the best choice. Answer: MRI is the best method of assessing brain function. X rays do not image soft tissues well or with high resolution. They also produce only two-dimensional images of a structure. Sonography cannot be used to study the brain because sound waves cannot pass through the body skull. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15-19 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Cells: The Living Units Matching Questions Figure 2.1 Using Figure 2.1, match the following: 1) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 2) Nucleolus Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 3) Microvilli Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 4) Mitochondrion Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 5) Golgi apparatus Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 18 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 2 Cells: The Living Units 19 Figure 2.2 Using Figure 2.2, match the following: 6) DNA molecule Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 7) Chromatid Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 8) Nucleosomes Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 9) Histones Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 20 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 10) Metaphase chromosome Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 Match the following: A. Golgi apparatus B. lysosome C. rough endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria E. peroxisome 11) This organelle is involved in production of cellular energy. Answer: mitochondria Diff: 1 Page Ref: 32-33 12) This structure is characterized by folded membranes called cristae. Answer: mitochondria Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32-33 13) When a cell ingests a foreign cell, the vesicle fuses with this organelle. Answer: lysosome Diff: 3 Page Ref: 32 14) This membranous structure is the site of protein synthesis. Answer: rough endoplasmic reticulum Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 15) This structure detoxifies a number of toxic substances. Answer: peroxisome Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33-34 16) Cisternae of this structure are continuous with the nuclear envelope. Answer: rough endoplasmic reticulum Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31 17) This structure has both a cis and a trans face. Answer: Golgi apparatus Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31-32 18) This membranous structure contains oxidase enzymes. Answer: peroxisome Diff: 3 Page Ref: 33-34 19) These structures are often called the demolition crew of the cell. Answer: lysosome Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 2 Cells: The Living Units 21 20) This structure primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it is characterized by a flattened stack of membranes. Answer: Golgi apparatus Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31-32 21) This structure is primarily a sac of powerful enzymes. Answer: lysosome Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32 22) This structure is defective in the disorder Tay-Sachs disease. Answer: lysosome Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32 23) This structure is numerous in liver and kidney cells. Answer: peroxisome Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33-34 24) This structure produces ATP. Answer: mitochondria Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32-33 25) This structure contains its own DNA. Answer: mitochondria Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32-33 True/False Questions 1) The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31 2) Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in which the bodyʹs cells lack the protein receptors that bind to cholesterol-delivering LDLs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 28 3) Ribosomes consist of two subunits, each surrounded by a membrane. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30-31 4) Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33-34 5) The nucleolus serves as the cellʹs ribosome-producing machine. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 22 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 6) Microtubules are composed of actin. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34-35 7) Chromatin is composed of DNA wound around proteins known as actin. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 8) An example of a type of cell with high rates of mitosis is a cell of the skin. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39 9) During the S phase, cells are characterized by rapid growth. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 10) During the G1 phase, DNA is replicated in the cytoplasm. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 11) Telomeres are structures that limit the maximum number of times cells can divide. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43 12) Extended chromatin is tightly wound around histones. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 13) A mitotic spindle develops during early telophase of mitosis. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40-41 14) During anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled toward the center of the cell. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40-41 15) Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cells. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40-41 Multiple Choice 1) Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is A) meiosis. B) karyokinesis. C) cytokinesis. D) telophase. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 2 Cells: The Living Units 23 2) Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged A) around a central layer of cholesterol. B) in a single layer with polar heads facing outwards. C) with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the heads. D) with their polar heads sandwiched between the tails. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26 3) Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the thickest? A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) intermediate filaments D) centrioles Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 4) Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false? A) Most extend all the way through the membrane. B) Some attach to the glycocalyx. C) They determine which molecules are transported through the membrane. D) They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26 5) Which type of endocytosis engulfs the most specific type of molecule or material? A) fluid-phase endocytosis B) phagocytosis C) pinocytosis D) receptor-mediated endocytosis Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 6) Hormones are secreted by A) phagocytosis. B) pinocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) osmosis. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 7) Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the A) centriole. B) Golgi apparatus. C) endoplasmic reticulum. D) mitochondrion. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32-33 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 24 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 8) Functions of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except A) synthesis of lysosomes. B) DNA replication. C) plasma membrane formation. D) production of secretory granules. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31-32 9) Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum is false? A) It consists of stacked envelopes called cisternae. B) It makes the digestive enzymes contained in the lysosomes. C) It produces secretory granules. D) It makes the integral proteins of the cell membrane. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 10) Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element? A) microtubule B) microfilament C) intermediate filament D) centriole Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 35 11) Which type of protein is required for exocytosis? A) caveolin B) coatomer proteins C) clathrin D) SNARE Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 28 12) In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called A) nucleotides. B) codons. C) integral protein. D) histones. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 37 13) In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during A) interphase G1. B) interphase S. C) prophase I. D) prophase II. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 2 Cells: The Living Units 25 14) The longest arrays of microtubules that assemble on the centrioles during prophase form filaments called A) the mitotic spindle. B) kinetochores. C) asters. D) the nuclear envelope. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 40-41 15) During mitosis, contractions of the mitotic spindle serve to A) separate the chromatids at the centromere. B) pull together the replicated chromosomal strands. C) re-form the nuclear envelope. D) form the aster. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40-41 16) The ________ face of the Golgi apparatus is ________ to receive spherical vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A) cis; convex B) trans; concave C) cis; flattened D) trans; convex Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31-32 17) Which membranous organelle stores calcium and is considered the cellʹs membrane factory? A) Golgi apparatus B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondrion D) peroxisome Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31 18) Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) mitochondrion D) peroxisome Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33-34 19) Which of the following is the function of the nuclear envelope? A) separation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm B) regulation of passage of substances into and out of the cell membrane C) transcription of DNA D) protein synthesis Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 36-37 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 26 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 20) Peroxisomes function to A) form and degrade hydrogen peroxide. B) store cellular free radicals. C) produce pigments. D) regulate membrane permeability. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33-34 21) Dyneins and kinesins A) enable a cell to send out and retract extensions called pseudopods. B) move organelles along microtubules through the cytoplasm. C) push and pull on chromosomes to align them during metaphase of mitosis. D) resist pulling forces that are placed on cells. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 35 22) Cell division is analogous to A) two buildings duplicating their parts and fusing. B) a building duplicating its blueprint and then forming a new building by splitting in two. C) a building forming another building by random accumulation of materials. D) a building forming another building through a loss of some of its parts. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 38 23) The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except A) it determines what substances enter and exit the cell. B) it surrounds the cell contents. C) it acts as a site for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D) it is so thick and rigid that it offers some protection to the cell. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25-26 24) The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except A) glycoproteins. B) tubulin protein. C) cholesterol. D) phospholipids. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25-26 25) Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are packed by the A) nucleosome. B) ribosome. C) Golgi apparatus. D) mitochondrion. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31-32 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 2 Cells: The Living Units 27 26) Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores? A) chromatin B) messenger RNA C) proteins D) water and electrolytes Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 27) Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) chloroplasts D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30-31 28) Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a channeling system known as the A) Golgi apparatus. B) microtubule organizing center. C) cytoskeleton. D) rough endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30-31 29) Which is not part of interphase? A) G1 B) G2 C) M D) S Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 38 30) In the plasma membrane of cells, cholesterol acts to A) stabilize the membrane. B) make the membrane more resistant to freezing. C) destabilize the membrane, leading to heart attacks. D) participate in pinocytosis. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25-26 31) The endocytotic process in which tiny packets of fluid are brought into the cell is called A) phagocytosis. B) pinocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) xenocytosis. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 28 Test Bank for Human Anatomy 32) The double membrane structure is unique to the A) lysosome. B) peroxisome. C) mitochondrion. D) nucleolus. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32-33 33) Peroxisomes A) are the toxic waste removal system of the cell. B) are involved in the production of ATP. C) contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication. D) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33-34 34) The stiffest elements of the cytoskeleton, analogous to the bones of the human body, are A) microtubules. B) microfilaments. C) intermediate filaments. D) the cytosol. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 35) The mitotic spindle forms from the A) nucleus. B) Golgi apparatus. C) centrioles. D) nucleolus. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40-41 36) The nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, but it differs from the rough ER in that it A) is not associated with ribosomes. B) has unique pores. C) consists of two membranes separated by a space. D) consists of tubes, like the smooth ER. Answer: B Diff