T A BL E OF C O N T E N T S
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS..........................................................................................12
Ethics..................................................................................................................................................12
Ethics and Values...............................................................................................................................14
The Origins of Ethics..........................................................................................................................15
The Importance of Ethical Behavior..........................................................................................................16
Ethics in Law Enforcement.................................................................................................................17
Ethical Role of Law Enforcement Officers.................................................................................................17
Ethics and the Pursuit of a Law Enforcement Career........................................................................18
As Employees in Law Enforcement Agencies...........................................................................................19
Major Ethical Systems........................................................................................................................20
Categories of Ethical Theories...................................................................................................................21
Types of Normative Ethical Theory...........................................................................................................21
Modern Ethical Issues in Law Enforcement.......................................................................................29
Ethical Dilemmas in Law Enforcement..............................................................................................30
10 Steps to Make Ethical Decision-Making
Efficient and Practical.........................................................................................................................32
Ethics of Gratuities.............................................................................................................................34
Attributes of Law Enforcement Personnel.................................................................................................35
Core Virtues of Law Enforcement Personnel.............................................................................................36
Six Pillars of Character of Law Enforcement Personnel.....................................................................36
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics...............................................................................................................37
Chapter Exercise................................................................................................................................38
,Chapter 2
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT...........................................................41
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 41
Professional Conduct........................................................................................................................ 42
Importance of a Police Professional Conduct........................................................................................42
Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees.........................................................................................................43
Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees..........................................................................45
Duties of Public Officials and Employees..........................................................................................47
Prohibited Acts and Transactions......................................................................................................48
Divestment...............................................................................................................................................50
Code of Ethics for Registered Criminologists....................................................................................50
Primary Responsibility of a Registered Criminologist............................................................................50
Limitation of Authority.............................................................................................................................51
Private Conduct of a Registered Criminologist.................................................................................51
Conduct Towards the Public.............................................................................................................52
Attitude towards Profession.....................................................................................................................52
Attitude towards Fellow Criminologists...................................................................................................53
Code of Ethics...................................................................................................................................53
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics............................................................................................................53
Terms to Ponder About Police Ethics and Values.................................................................................54
Chapter Exercise...............................................................................................................................57
CHAPTER 3
PNP ETHICAL DOCTRINE.............................................................................................63
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 63
The PNP Core Values........................................................................................................................64
The Police Officer’s Creed.......................................................................................................................64
PNP Stand on Basic Issues...............................................................................................................65
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards....................................................................................67
Police Professional Conduct....................................................................................................................67
The Ethical Standards.......................................................................................................................70
Customs and Traditions....................................................................................................................72
Definition of Terms..................................................................................................................................72
Police Customs on Courtesy.............................................................................................................72
,Police Customs on Ceremonies..........................................................................................................74
Other Police Customs.........................................................................................................................75
Police Tradition........................................................................................................................................... 76
Police Officer’s Pledge Principles and
Conduct of Law Enforcement Officials......................................................................................................77
Fundamental Principles......................................................................................................................78
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.......................................................................................80
Commitment.......................................................................................................................................81
Chapter Exercise................................................................................................................................82
CHAPTER 4
PNP ETHICS AND VALUES FORMATION.........................................................................86
Introduction................................................................................................................................................86
Importance of Ethics and Values.......................................................................................................87
The Six (6) Core Work Values...................................................................................................................88
Significance of Ethics and Values in Police Work..............................................................................88
The Social Contract............................................................................................................................89
Police Officers as Role Models...........................................................................................................89
Impact of Filipino Traits on PNP Ethics.....................................................................................................90
Positive Traits of the Filipino.....................................................................................................................90
Negative Traits of the Filipino...................................................................................................................93
The Filipino Police Officer..........................................................................................................................95
Five Characteristics of a Police Officer’s Job.....................................................................................96
Strengths of the Filipino Police Officer...............................................................................................97
Weaknesses of the Filipino Police Officer.................................................................................................98
Challenges Facing the Filipino Police Officer......................................................................................101
Most Common Types of Corruption in the PNP...................................................................................102
The Sensitive Issue of Gratuities........................................................................................................103
Police Brutality and Abuse of Authority.....................................................................................................105
Chapter Exercise.................................................................................................................................107
CHAPTER 5
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS...................................................................................110
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................110
Community Policing............................................................................................................................. 111
, Components of Community Policing...................................................................................................111
Steps to Influence Individuals to Join PNP Programs..........................................................................112
Activities in Community Policing.........................................................................................................113
Important Basic Principles of Community Policing....................................................................................114
The PNP Revised PCR Master Plan......................................................................................................116
Evolution of PCR Policy Plans..............................................................................................................119
PCR in Community Oriented Policing System.....................................................................................120
The PCR Team.............................................................................................................................................121
The Attributes of a PCR Man...............................................................................................................122
The Power of Good Grooming and Dressing..............................................................................................124
Public Information................................................................................................................................125
Multi–Media Relations..................................................................................................................................126
Dealing with Bad News.......................................................................................................................128
Community Affairs Division.................................................................................................................129
Information Operations Research Center............................................................................................130
Salaam Police Center and Counter Radicalization..............................................................................132
Barangay Peacekeeping PCR Operations............................................................................................133
Chapter Exercise.................................................................................................................................137
REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 141
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS..........................................................................................12
Ethics..................................................................................................................................................12
Ethics and Values...............................................................................................................................14
The Origins of Ethics..........................................................................................................................15
The Importance of Ethical Behavior..........................................................................................................16
Ethics in Law Enforcement.................................................................................................................17
Ethical Role of Law Enforcement Officers.................................................................................................17
Ethics and the Pursuit of a Law Enforcement Career........................................................................18
As Employees in Law Enforcement Agencies...........................................................................................19
Major Ethical Systems........................................................................................................................20
Categories of Ethical Theories...................................................................................................................21
Types of Normative Ethical Theory...........................................................................................................21
Modern Ethical Issues in Law Enforcement.......................................................................................29
Ethical Dilemmas in Law Enforcement..............................................................................................30
10 Steps to Make Ethical Decision-Making
Efficient and Practical.........................................................................................................................32
Ethics of Gratuities.............................................................................................................................34
Attributes of Law Enforcement Personnel.................................................................................................35
Core Virtues of Law Enforcement Personnel.............................................................................................36
Six Pillars of Character of Law Enforcement Personnel.....................................................................36
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics...............................................................................................................37
Chapter Exercise................................................................................................................................38
,Chapter 2
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT...........................................................41
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 41
Professional Conduct........................................................................................................................ 42
Importance of a Police Professional Conduct........................................................................................42
Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees.........................................................................................................43
Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees..........................................................................45
Duties of Public Officials and Employees..........................................................................................47
Prohibited Acts and Transactions......................................................................................................48
Divestment...............................................................................................................................................50
Code of Ethics for Registered Criminologists....................................................................................50
Primary Responsibility of a Registered Criminologist............................................................................50
Limitation of Authority.............................................................................................................................51
Private Conduct of a Registered Criminologist.................................................................................51
Conduct Towards the Public.............................................................................................................52
Attitude towards Profession.....................................................................................................................52
Attitude towards Fellow Criminologists...................................................................................................53
Code of Ethics...................................................................................................................................53
Law Enforcement Code of Ethics............................................................................................................53
Terms to Ponder About Police Ethics and Values.................................................................................54
Chapter Exercise...............................................................................................................................57
CHAPTER 3
PNP ETHICAL DOCTRINE.............................................................................................63
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 63
The PNP Core Values........................................................................................................................64
The Police Officer’s Creed.......................................................................................................................64
PNP Stand on Basic Issues...............................................................................................................65
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards....................................................................................67
Police Professional Conduct....................................................................................................................67
The Ethical Standards.......................................................................................................................70
Customs and Traditions....................................................................................................................72
Definition of Terms..................................................................................................................................72
Police Customs on Courtesy.............................................................................................................72
,Police Customs on Ceremonies..........................................................................................................74
Other Police Customs.........................................................................................................................75
Police Tradition........................................................................................................................................... 76
Police Officer’s Pledge Principles and
Conduct of Law Enforcement Officials......................................................................................................77
Fundamental Principles......................................................................................................................78
Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.......................................................................................80
Commitment.......................................................................................................................................81
Chapter Exercise................................................................................................................................82
CHAPTER 4
PNP ETHICS AND VALUES FORMATION.........................................................................86
Introduction................................................................................................................................................86
Importance of Ethics and Values.......................................................................................................87
The Six (6) Core Work Values...................................................................................................................88
Significance of Ethics and Values in Police Work..............................................................................88
The Social Contract............................................................................................................................89
Police Officers as Role Models...........................................................................................................89
Impact of Filipino Traits on PNP Ethics.....................................................................................................90
Positive Traits of the Filipino.....................................................................................................................90
Negative Traits of the Filipino...................................................................................................................93
The Filipino Police Officer..........................................................................................................................95
Five Characteristics of a Police Officer’s Job.....................................................................................96
Strengths of the Filipino Police Officer...............................................................................................97
Weaknesses of the Filipino Police Officer.................................................................................................98
Challenges Facing the Filipino Police Officer......................................................................................101
Most Common Types of Corruption in the PNP...................................................................................102
The Sensitive Issue of Gratuities........................................................................................................103
Police Brutality and Abuse of Authority.....................................................................................................105
Chapter Exercise.................................................................................................................................107
CHAPTER 5
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS...................................................................................110
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................110
Community Policing............................................................................................................................. 111
, Components of Community Policing...................................................................................................111
Steps to Influence Individuals to Join PNP Programs..........................................................................112
Activities in Community Policing.........................................................................................................113
Important Basic Principles of Community Policing....................................................................................114
The PNP Revised PCR Master Plan......................................................................................................116
Evolution of PCR Policy Plans..............................................................................................................119
PCR in Community Oriented Policing System.....................................................................................120
The PCR Team.............................................................................................................................................121
The Attributes of a PCR Man...............................................................................................................122
The Power of Good Grooming and Dressing..............................................................................................124
Public Information................................................................................................................................125
Multi–Media Relations..................................................................................................................................126
Dealing with Bad News.......................................................................................................................128
Community Affairs Division.................................................................................................................129
Information Operations Research Center............................................................................................130
Salaam Police Center and Counter Radicalization..............................................................................132
Barangay Peacekeeping PCR Operations............................................................................................133
Chapter Exercise.................................................................................................................................137
REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 141
