-
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, All responses to changes in the environment
occur in
particular sequence
a
II change in environment
stimulus , ie
temperature , light levels ,
blood
µ
water concentration,
body temp
receptor i a
detects
specialised cell 1
stimulus
group of
cells that
gaff:&
a
or hormone µ
effector t
a
a muscle
stimulus at
or
gland
nerve
that
impulses
responds
ar hormones
to
µ
response :
citrange in behaviour
→
detection of
chemical change stimulus
Regulating body conditions
HOMEOSTASIS
constant internal environment
maintenance of a
#blood water concentration
her body temperature
II blood glucose concentration
too
out metabolic reactions temperature rises
→ the body carries
many much i denature
controlled by myth temperature metabolic
, have
optimum become
reactions
slow
very
x
us
founds: Huysmans'¥¥ma
keep
-
case .
be constant
kept
, stimulus typography responses
→
bright light eye
-
cells in the iris changes
retina shape of pupil
removal hand
→ touching a
temperature receptors of
the hot
hot object in skin from
object
→ eating a
box cells in
digestive system produce insulin
of chocolate pancreas
liver cells
remove glucose
from blood
balance receptors
→ being on a
in ears feel dizzy
rollercoaster
sound receptors jump
a bit
→ loud clap of in ears
Thunder
control centres of the reactions
brain
→
THE → nervous
system → spinal cord
BRAIN → endocrine system → organs
produce
that
hormones
,THERMOREGULATION > > >
controlled
Body temperature is
by Hypothalamus in
the brain
Endothermic i
warm blooded animals
Ectothermic :
cold blooded animals
# Brain : thermo regulatory centre
Eskin i
temperature receptors
TEH airs
II Sweat glands
#Blood vessels
II Muscles
when one is too hot
heat loss
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,COORDINATION AND
R E S p
-
O N s E
BSB
- - - . . .
④ Homeostasis
maintenance
of a
virtually constant internal environment
controlled
by involve a
receptor
IV nerves
)
-
similar i - involve a control centre
* hormones -
involve an
effector
causes the a reaction
Homeostasis control via ← the
opposite to
① detects → ③ negative feedback change z
change mechanism ie skin feels bodynormal
return
'
-
cold
> j, to
←warming body shivery
it
→ Temperature control
temperature rises or
falls too
far -7 affect enzymatic activity
core body temp t too
far -7
hypothermia
BRAIN : controls
body temperature
via
hypothalamus (thermo
regulatory centre)
SKIN controls body temperature
'
-
the blood vessels
→ via
changing
skin
diameter
of
wear
surface
→ via sweating * Blood flows
the blood vessels closer
through
CHANGING BLOOD VESSELS to the skin
surface *
amount blood
II change the
of heat loss
flowing through arterioles & TIF skin
vasosaihIELTI.is
'
EE.EI.iim.es
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:
arteriole
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, → Vasoconstriction ( up )
warms -
ienssbhodanfe'T
widened
" heat " " -
vessels goner:
① shunt
Lisa:
'
② blood
flow to IE
.ie#I4fEcai i u ai e s
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upper blood
arterioles divert
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m.es
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men
.
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as -
SWEATING iiftoo hot → sweat more → sweat
a
evaporate
heat carried
cool down ← away from
the
body
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t
get cold get hot amnseeanfe
A th vasodilation
vasoconstriction
§
less
µ
sweat more
µ
sweat
to t
body temp T body temp
cool down
→ Glucose
II pancreas
blood
→ monitor concentration of glucose in
blood
→ control concentration
of glucose in
B•••• produce insulin ( hormone )
Okapi insulin liver
→ cause
glucose to move
from blood to I muscles
W
↳
glucose concentration
if too
high
( happens after retaking many carbohydrates)
too
glucose →
glycogen ( insoluble molecule )
( store carbohydrates)
, II diabetes
→ concentration of glucose in blood is not
controlled
properly by blood ✓
of BE Bk
→
pancreas
doesn't produce enough insulin
↳ high levels of glucose blood
fatal
in →
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1-
and convert it
-¥dsEEf
in
PFE
✓
blood
glucose
gynsuhn
level falls blood glucose
level rises
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blood glucose
level
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wheat
n
→ The Endocrine system
organ that secretes hormone is endocrine
any a an
organ
HORMONE : chemical that travels blood
messenger in
ADH '
-
produced in
hypothalamus
IV H reabsorption of water
⑨ collecting ducts
of the
nephron
→ I urine
production
→ conserves water when
dehydrated
ADRENALINE produced adrenal
glands
'
in
-
It made when stressed
A heart & breathing rates
✓ dilates
pupils to
improve vision
✓ stimulate liver to break
glycogen
→
glucose
blood flow
t
blood
to
to
digestive organs
f- flow muscles
, INSULIN =
produced in
pancreas
it stimulates liver & muscles to absorb
glucose from
blood
↳ glucose →
glycogen
Jr blood sugar level
X us
losing vital
sugar
OESTROGEN =
produced in
ovaries
if sexual characteristics
development of secondary
II & thicken the endometrium
repair
endometrium
lining of uterus
during ÷÷
:
PROGESTERONE i
produced in the
corpus
luteum
y ovaries
her development of secondary sexual characteristics
* blood supply to endometrium
TESTOSTERONE i
produce in the testes
# development of secondary sexual characteristics
II stimulate muscle
growth
-
HORMONES NERVOUS SYSTEM
-
chemical
→
messengers
→ nerve
impulses electrical
'
messages
-
→ travel via blood → travel via neumes Crewe cells )
controlled central Nervous System
→ controlled
→
by
by hypothalamus ↳ brane
/
rapid effects spinal cord
↳
term
long
→
&
→
fast quick effect
, → NERVOUS SYSTEM
Nervous
System )
controlled
by Central CCNS
↳ brain
t
↳ spinal cord
II receptors & nerve
impulses
cells that act
→ sense
organs
contain as
receptors
↳ simulated → set impulses via neurone s
CNS
( nerve
messages)
touch
^
pressure skin Eyes -7 light
← →
temperature SENSE
ORGANS → Ears
→
sound
→ balance
← ↳
tongue nose
→ smell
taste ←
⑤ memories
→ nerve cells
→
carry nerve impulses
SENSOR's
:
→
carry impulses from sense
organs
to CNS
NEURONE
RELAY → in CNS
i
NEURONE MN
→
pass impulses from SN to CORRECT
MOTOR → muscles
glands
to
effectors
→
CNS
NEURONE i →
carry impulses four
controlled
↳
organ by CNS
§¥
:*&
, All responses to changes in the environment
occur in
particular sequence
a
II change in environment
stimulus , ie
temperature , light levels ,
blood
µ
water concentration,
body temp
receptor i a
detects
specialised cell 1
stimulus
group of
cells that
gaff:&
a
or hormone µ
effector t
a
a muscle
stimulus at
or
gland
nerve
that
impulses
responds
ar hormones
to
µ
response :
citrange in behaviour
→
detection of
chemical change stimulus
Regulating body conditions
HOMEOSTASIS
constant internal environment
maintenance of a
#blood water concentration
her body temperature
II blood glucose concentration
too
out metabolic reactions temperature rises
→ the body carries
many much i denature
controlled by myth temperature metabolic
, have
optimum become
reactions
slow
very
x
us
founds: Huysmans'¥¥ma
keep
-
case .
be constant
kept
, stimulus typography responses
→
bright light eye
-
cells in the iris changes
retina shape of pupil
removal hand
→ touching a
temperature receptors of
the hot
hot object in skin from
object
→ eating a
box cells in
digestive system produce insulin
of chocolate pancreas
liver cells
remove glucose
from blood
balance receptors
→ being on a
in ears feel dizzy
rollercoaster
sound receptors jump
a bit
→ loud clap of in ears
Thunder
control centres of the reactions
brain
→
THE → nervous
system → spinal cord
BRAIN → endocrine system → organs
produce
that
hormones
,THERMOREGULATION > > >
controlled
Body temperature is
by Hypothalamus in
the brain
Endothermic i
warm blooded animals
Ectothermic :
cold blooded animals
# Brain : thermo regulatory centre
Eskin i
temperature receptors
TEH airs
II Sweat glands
#Blood vessels
II Muscles
when one is too hot
heat loss
-1¥ skein -
'
EEEEIE.ian.es foe:
-
tenth.IE#T
EI Lts:÷:*:
:÷z¥÷÷÷
" we.
.
÷ .
..
to
". .
venue
venule I
,REFLEXES
a¥¥h÷f
doggy
¥¥
→
.
.
effector
4Jiffy
•
,COORDINATION AND
R E S p
-
O N s E
BSB
- - - . . .
④ Homeostasis
maintenance
of a
virtually constant internal environment
controlled
by involve a
receptor
IV nerves
)
-
similar i - involve a control centre
* hormones -
involve an
effector
causes the a reaction
Homeostasis control via ← the
opposite to
① detects → ③ negative feedback change z
change mechanism ie skin feels bodynormal
return
'
-
cold
> j, to
←warming body shivery
it
→ Temperature control
temperature rises or
falls too
far -7 affect enzymatic activity
core body temp t too
far -7
hypothermia
BRAIN : controls
body temperature
via
hypothalamus (thermo
regulatory centre)
SKIN controls body temperature
'
-
the blood vessels
→ via
changing
skin
diameter
of
wear
surface
→ via sweating * Blood flows
the blood vessels closer
through
CHANGING BLOOD VESSELS to the skin
surface *
amount blood
II change the
of heat loss
flowing through arterioles & TIF skin
vasosaihIELTI.is
'
EE.EI.iim.es
€EfI¥÷÷÷
'
→ down ,
→ I
8÷÷÷: asset :
'
:
arteriole
③ more
blood pass through
arteriole near skin surface
heat radiation venule
④ more loss by
, → Vasoconstriction ( up )
warms -
ienssbhodanfe'T
widened
" heat " " -
vessels goner:
① shunt
Lisa:
'
② blood
flow to IE
.ie#I4fEcai i u ai e s
less
upper blood
arterioles divert
Isar"7EIsTphEapi"
m.es
③ '
men
.
④ less heat loss by radiation venule
as -
SWEATING iiftoo hot → sweat more → sweat
a
evaporate
heat carried
cool down ← away from
the
body
¥Loo cool → sweat less → t evaporation
t
get cold get hot amnseeanfe
A th vasodilation
vasoconstriction
§
less
µ
sweat more
µ
sweat
to t
body temp T body temp
cool down
→ Glucose
II pancreas
blood
→ monitor concentration of glucose in
blood
→ control concentration
of glucose in
B•••• produce insulin ( hormone )
Okapi insulin liver
→ cause
glucose to move
from blood to I muscles
W
↳
glucose concentration
if too
high
( happens after retaking many carbohydrates)
too
glucose →
glycogen ( insoluble molecule )
( store carbohydrates)
, II diabetes
→ concentration of glucose in blood is not
controlled
properly by blood ✓
of BE Bk
→
pancreas
doesn't produce enough insulin
↳ high levels of glucose blood
fatal
in →
baigFE.gs#iuswmyaYsns9EIEJ
1-
and convert it
-¥dsEEf
in
PFE
✓
blood
glucose
gynsuhn
level falls blood glucose
level rises
↳ momma
blood glucose
level
#
wheat
n
→ The Endocrine system
organ that secretes hormone is endocrine
any a an
organ
HORMONE : chemical that travels blood
messenger in
ADH '
-
produced in
hypothalamus
IV H reabsorption of water
⑨ collecting ducts
of the
nephron
→ I urine
production
→ conserves water when
dehydrated
ADRENALINE produced adrenal
glands
'
in
-
It made when stressed
A heart & breathing rates
✓ dilates
pupils to
improve vision
✓ stimulate liver to break
glycogen
→
glucose
blood flow
t
blood
to
to
digestive organs
f- flow muscles
, INSULIN =
produced in
pancreas
it stimulates liver & muscles to absorb
glucose from
blood
↳ glucose →
glycogen
Jr blood sugar level
X us
losing vital
sugar
OESTROGEN =
produced in
ovaries
if sexual characteristics
development of secondary
II & thicken the endometrium
repair
endometrium
lining of uterus
during ÷÷
:
PROGESTERONE i
produced in the
corpus
luteum
y ovaries
her development of secondary sexual characteristics
* blood supply to endometrium
TESTOSTERONE i
produce in the testes
# development of secondary sexual characteristics
II stimulate muscle
growth
-
HORMONES NERVOUS SYSTEM
-
chemical
→
messengers
→ nerve
impulses electrical
'
messages
-
→ travel via blood → travel via neumes Crewe cells )
controlled central Nervous System
→ controlled
→
by
by hypothalamus ↳ brane
/
rapid effects spinal cord
↳
term
long
→
&
→
fast quick effect
, → NERVOUS SYSTEM
Nervous
System )
controlled
by Central CCNS
↳ brain
t
↳ spinal cord
II receptors & nerve
impulses
cells that act
→ sense
organs
contain as
receptors
↳ simulated → set impulses via neurone s
CNS
( nerve
messages)
touch
^
pressure skin Eyes -7 light
← →
temperature SENSE
ORGANS → Ears
→
sound
→ balance
← ↳
tongue nose
→ smell
taste ←
⑤ memories
→ nerve cells
→
carry nerve impulses
SENSOR's
:
→
carry impulses from sense
organs
to CNS
NEURONE
RELAY → in CNS
i
NEURONE MN
→
pass impulses from SN to CORRECT
MOTOR → muscles
glands
to
effectors
→
CNS
NEURONE i →
carry impulses four
controlled
↳
organ by CNS
