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Lecture notes

College-aantekeningen compleet Multivariate Analyse

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Lecture notes study book Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS of Andy Field - ISBN: 9781526419521, Edition: 5, Year of publication: - (Alle colleges in 1!)

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January 26, 2022
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2020/2021
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Ineke nagel
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MULTIVARIATE ANALYSE
Lecture notes
To construct a scale:
- Select the indication of the concept – ‘statistics anxiety’
- Study the frequency of each indicator
o Missing values – different scales – direction (positive/negative)
o  Recode, standardize
- Determine the dimensionality using factor analysis
- Perform reliability analysis
- Construct the scale
o Via ‘compute’ in SPSS

Factor analysis: examining dimensionality
- About the dimensionality the following questions can be asked:
o Are there dimensions (factors), subgroups of related variables, in the set of
indicators? How many?
o How can the different dimensions (factors) be interpreted?
o Are the dimensions correlated?




 There could be two directions (statistics/friends)
- In the output of SPSS you will find information on:
o The number of dimensions (= factors)
o The interpretation of the dimensions (= factors)
o The correlation between them

Kaiser’s criterium  eigen value > 1.
- Criterion 2: point of inflexion minus 1.

,How to interpret the dimensions (=factors)?
- By the factorloadings in the pattern matrix: stronger loadings indicate a strong
relation with the underlying concept.
o Factor 1 = fear of statistics
o Factor 2 = friends are load highly.
- Two dimensions fear of statistics and friends
o Are there a correlation?
 Negative correlation: the higher the fear of statistics, lower the
friends.

,Hoorcollege 1: Factoranalyse




Schaalconstructie: wanneer gebruiken we factoranalyse?
 De voorbeelden betreffen allemaal concepten die niet direct met een enkele vraag in
een vragenlijst te meten zijn
 Elk concept is geoprationaliseerd, vertaald in concrete items, of indicatoren. Niet
direct observeerbaar.
 Een (achterliggend) concept is niet direct observeerbaar, en wordt daarom ook wel
een latente variabele genoemd.
 De vraag is echter: weerspiegelen deze afzonderlijke variabelen echt één en
hetzelfde achterliggende concept?

, Na factoranalyse:

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