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Resumen Sistema Nervioso

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En este documento encontrarás los apuntes para mis exámenes de morfología y fisiopatología sobre el sistema nervioso. TEMAS: -Sistema nervioso central y periférico. -Sistema nervioso somático y autónomo. -Glía: astrocitos, microglía, células ependimarias, oligodendrocitos y células de Schwann. -Neuronas: neurotransmisores, mitocondrias, citoesqueleto, retículo endoplasmático liso, aparato de Golgi. -Transporte axonal. -Clasificación estructural de las neuronas. -Clasificación funcional de las neuronas. -Arco reflejo. -Polimerización y despolimerización: microtúbulos, MAPs, Tubulina, TAU. -Centro organizador de microtúbulos, proteínas motoras. -Pigmentos: melanina, lipofuscina, lípidos y glucógeno. -Axón: neurotrofinas: NGF, BDNF, NT-1 , NT-3 , NT-4 -Flujo de axones y dendritas: transporte lento y rápido. -Potencial de membrana en reposo, potenciales locales, potencial de acción. -Conducción del potencial de acción. -Conducción saltatoria. -Comportamiento del canal de Na+ ante un estimulo. -Mecanismos de apertura y cierre de canales. -Estímulos para la apertura o cierre de canales. -Mecanismos de inactivación de un canal. -Sinapsis eléctrica y química. -Tipos de contactos sinápticos. -Dendritas. -Sinapsis excitatoria e inhibitoria. -Factores para el desarrollo de la sinapsis. -Fenómeno inotrópico y metabotrópico. -Receptores sensoriales: externo receptores, interno receptores y propio receptores. - Quimiorreceptores, termorreceptores, mecanorreceptores, fotorreceptores, nocirreceptores. -Ubicación de las neuronas según capa.

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